Table game management system and game management system

ABSTRACT

The management and control device uses the information acquired from the measurement device to detect a total bet amount of the chips placed on the bet area of the game table by the game participants, and uses the information acquired from the card shoe and the measurement device to detect a winning or losing amount for the game organizer. A sales balance management part compares a sales profit ratio that is a ratio of the winning or losing amount for the game organizer to the total bet amount with a theoretical profit ratio or a previous average profit ratio, and outputs a comparison result.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No.2018-093247 filed May 14, 2018, the entire contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

FIELD

The present invention relates to a table game management system used incasino play halls that offer table games.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY

Conventionally, in the casino play hall, the game organizer or the ownerhas used income (gross profit) of the casino play hall in apredetermined period as information for management analysis. In a gameplayed in the casino play hall in a predetermined period, the income canbe found as a difference between funds owned by the game organizer(house) at the start and at the end in the concerned period, when thebet amount is collected from losing players and payment is made towinning players.

However, proper management analysis cannot be made merely byascertaining the magnitude of the income. That is, if the income isdiverged from a target amount or an ideal amount, the game organizer ofthe casino play hall cannot acquire information about room forimprovement.

Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a table gamemanagement system capable of acquiring useful management information forimprovement in the management and operation of the casino play hall.

An aspect of the present invention is a table game management systemincluding: a win-loss determination device configured to determine awin-loss result of each game at a game table; a measurement deviceconfigured to measure the type and the number of gaming chips placed onthe game table; and a management and control device configured toidentify and store the position, the type, and the number of the gamingchips placed on a bet area of the game table by a game participant,based on a measurement result of the measurement device in each game,wherein the gaming chip has a plurality of plastic colored portions ofdifferent colors, and can be identified in type from appearance, themeasurement device is configured to use a camera to detect the position,the type, and the number of the gaming chips, the management and controldevice uses the information acquired from the measurement device todetect a total bet amount (that is, sales) (B) that is the total amountof the gaming chips placed on bet area of the game table by the gameparticipant, the management and control device is further configured touse information acquired from the win-loss determination device and themeasurement device to detect a winning or losing amount for the gameorganizer (Y), and output a sales profit ratio (X) that is a ratio ofthe winning or losing amount for the game organizer (Y) to the total betamount (B), and the management and control device is further configuredto compare the sales profit ratio (X) with a theoretical profit ratio ora previous average profit ratio and output a comparison result.

With this configuration, the total bet amount (B) and the winning orlosing amount (Y) can be automatically acquired to estimate the salesprofit ratio (X).

A table game management system includes: a win-loss determination deviceconfigured to determine a win-loss result of each game at a game table;a measurement device configured to measure the type and the number ofgaming chips placed on the game table; and a management and controldevice configured to identify and store the position, the type, and thenumber of the gaming chips placed on a bet area of the game table by agame participant, based on a measurement result of the measurementdevice in each game, wherein the gaming chip has a plurality of plasticcolored portions of different colors, can be identified in type fromappearance, and has a unique ID, the measurement device is configured toread the unique IDs of the gaming chips to detect the position, thetype, and the number of the gaming chips, and/or to use a camera todetect the position, the type, and the number of the gaming chips, themanagement and control device uses the information acquired from themeasurement device to detect a total bet amount (that is, sales) (B)that is the total amount of the gaming chips placed on bet area of thegame table by the game participant, the management and control device isfurther configured to use information acquired from the win-lossdetermination device and the measurement device to detect a winning orlosing amount for the game organizer (Y), and output a sales profitratio (X) that is a ratio of the winning or losing amount for the gameorganizer (Y) to the total bet amount (B), and the management andcontrol device is further configured to compare the sales profit ratio(X) with a theoretical profit ratio or a previous average profit ratioand output a comparison result.

Also, with this configuration, the total bet amount (B) and the winningor losing amount (Y) can be automatically acquired to estimate the salesprofit ratio (X).

In the above-mentioned management system, the measurement device may beconfigured to the detect the position, the type, and the number of thegaming chips by deep learning.

With this configuration, even if the gaming chips are partially hidden,the position, the type, and the number of the gaming chips can berecognized.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to output the total bet amount (B), the winningor losing amount for the game organizer (Y), or the sales profit ratio(X) in each game.

With this configuration, the sales profit ratio (X) can be estimated foreach game.

In the above-mentioned management system, the measurement device may beconfigured to detect the total bet amount (B) for each player positionof the game table, and the management and control device may use theinformation acquired from the measurement device to output the total betamount (B) and/or the sales profit ratio (X) for each player position.

With this configuration, the total bet amount (B) and the sales profitratio (X) can be estimated for each player position.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be associate the player position with the particular gameparticipant at the game table.

With this configuration, the sales profit ratio (X) can be estimated foreach game participant to identify the game participant who excessivelywins.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may ascertain the gaming chips placed on the game table by thegame participant for each stack, and associate the stack with theparticular game participant at the game table.

With this configuration, the stack of the gaming chips on the game tablecan be associated with the game participant.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to ascertain relation between the number ofgames and time taken to play the games, and output the total bet amount(B), the winning or losing amount for the game organizer (Y), or thesales profit ratio (X) in a predetermined number of games for each gameparticipant, or each game table and/or each dealer in charge of eachtable.

With this configuration, the efficiency of the progress of the game canbe estimated based on the time taken to play the game.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to ascertain bet positions and/or the number ofstacks of the gaming chips placed on the game table by the gameparticipant, or the number of the gaming chips in each stack, and outputit in association with the number of games and time taken to play thegames.

With this configuration, the relation between the number of stacks andthe taken time can be estimated.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to ascertain the number of game participants atthe game table, and output the number of game participants inassociation with the number of games and time taken to play the games.

With this configuration, the relation between the number of the gameparticipants and the taken time can be estimated.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may ascertain the dealer in charge of each game table, and mayhave a function of detecting and storing one of following elementperiods: 1) a bet period, 2) a chip collection period, 3) a chip paymentperiod, and 4) a gaming period, for each dealer.

With this configuration, the element periods of the dealer can beestimated.

In the above-mentioned management system, the table game may be a gameusing playing cards, and the management and control device may beconfigured to detect start time and end time of distribution of theplaying cards in each game, and ascertain a period from the start timeto the end time of the distribution of the playing cards as the gamingperiod.

With this configuration, the gaming period can be estimated.

In the above-mentioned management system, a minimum bet amount can beset for each game table, and the management and control device may beconfigured to suggest the minimum bet amount to the game table in orderto increase the total bet amount (B) within a predetermined time orperiod.

With this configuration, the minimum bet amount can be proposed so as toincrease the total bet amount (B).

The above-mentioned management system may further include an overallmanagement device configured to manage a plurality of game tables, andthe overall management device may be configured to suggest differentminimum bet amount to different game tables in order to increase thetotal bet amount (B) in a predetermined or period at each game table orin unit of game tables.

With this configuration, the minimum bet amount at each game table canbe suggested so as to increase the total bet amount (B) of the pluralityof game tables.

The above-mentioned management system may further include an overallmanagement device configured to manage a plurality of game tables, andthe overall management device may be configured to ascertain informationabout the bet amount in unit of game tables for each player position oreach particular game participant, and suggest the minimum bet amount ofeach game table based on the information.

With this configuration, the minimum bet amount can be properlysuggested.

The above-mentioned management system may further include an overallmanagement device configured to manage a plurality of game tables, andthe overall management device may be configured to ascertain the totalbet amount (B) for each game and/or the total bet amount (B) in apredetermined time or period in unit of game tables, and suggest theminimum bet amount of the game table to be newly opened.

With this configuration, the minimum bet amount of the newly opened gametable can be properly proposed.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to suggest the game table to increase theminimum bet amount, if game participants who bet a higher bet amountthan the minimum bet amount of the game table by a predetermined ratioor more occupy a predetermined ratio or more.

With this configuration, the minimum bet amount can be properly changed.

In the above-mentioned management system, the overall management devicemay be configured to suggest the minimum bet amount to each game tableso as to decrease an average number of game participants at the gametable with the high minimum bet amount.

With this configuration, the number of game participants at the gametable with high minimum bet amount can be decreased to increase theturnover ratio, thereby increasing the sales.

In the above-mentioned management system, the overall management devicemay be configured to suggest the game table to decrease the minimum betamount, if the game tables with a predetermined number of gameparticipants or less occupy a predetermined ratio or more.

With this configuration, when the number of game participants is small,the minimum bet amount can be decreased to promote an increase in thegame participants.

The above-mentioned management system may further include an overallmanagement device configured to manage a plurality of game tables, andthe overall management device may be configured to ascertain the totalbet amount in a predetermined time or period for each game participant,provide the game participant with a point or status under apredetermined condition, and output the point or status.

With this configuration, providing the point or status can promoteparticipation in the game.

The above-mentioned management system may further include an overallmanagement device configured to manage a plurality of game tables, andthe overall management device may be configured to ascertain a netprofit in a predetermined time or period for each game participant (thatis, the total amount acquired by subtracting the losing amount from thewinning amount of the game participant), provides the game participantwith a point or status under a predetermined condition.

With this configuration, based on the net profit in the predeterminedtime or period for each game participant, the point or status can beprovided so as to promote the game participant to participate in moregames.

The above-mentioned management system may further include an overallmanagement device configured to manage a plurality of game tables, andthe overall management device may be configured to ascertain the numberof participating games in a predetermined time or period for each gameparticipant, provide the game participant with a point or status under apredetermined condition, and output the point or status.

With this configuration, based on the number of participating games ofthe game participant in the predetermined time or period, the point orstatus can be provided so as to promote the game participant toparticipate in more games.

The above-mentioned management system may further include an overallmanagement device configured to manage a plurality of game tables, andthe overall management device may be configured to store at least one ofinformation: 1) the number of visits to the concerned play hall, 2) thenumber of times of bet, 3) winning amount, and 4) losing amount, in unitof weeks or months, or in a predetermined period for each gameparticipant.

With this configuration, it can be ascertained whether or not the gameparticipant participates in the game in the play hall the predeterminedperiod.

In the above-mentioned management system, the overall management devicemay be configured to output at least one of the information 1) to 4),when the game participant enters the play hall.

With this configuration, it is possible to ascertain that the gameparticipant enters into the play hall. At entrance into the play hall,the entrance may be limited according to the number of visits, or thenumber of times of bet of the game participant.

The above-mentioned management system may further include an overallmanagement device configured to manage a plurality of game tables, andthe overall management device may be configured to output theaccumulated bet amount or the bet amount in a predetermined period foreach game participant, as credit information about the game participant.

With this configuration, the bet amount in the play hall may be used asthe credit information.

In the above-mentioned management system, the overall management devicemay be configured to ascertain purchase information about the gamingchips in a predetermined time or period by the game participant, andoutput the purchase information in association with the bet amount, orthe winning or losing amount for each game participant.

With this configuration, by ascertaining the purchase information aboutthe gaming chips, the bet amount, and the winning or losing amount foreach game participant, the amount of the gaming chips owned by the gameparticipant can be ascertained to detect, for example, a doubt aboutmoney laundering.

In the above-mentioned management system, the overall management devicemay be configured to ascertain the purchase information for each type ofthe gaming chips.

With this configuration, the purchase information can be ascertained foreach type of gaming chip.

In the above-mentioned management system, the predetermined time orperiod may be provided in the predetermined time or period, in unit ofdays or consecutive days, in unit of months, or in a cumulative period.

With this configuration, the point or status can be properly provided.

In the above-mentioned management system, if the point is intensivelyprovided in the predetermined time or period, the point or status may beadditionally provided.

With this configuration, a bonus point or status may be provided to thegame participant who intensively acquire points in a predetermined timeor period.

In the above-mentioned management system, an access to a VIP room may beprovided under a predetermined condition of the point or status.

With this configuration, the access to the VIP room can be allowedaccording to the point or status.

In the above-mentioned management system, the point or status may beconverted into unconvertible gaming chips under a predeterminedcondition.

With this configuration, it is possible to promote the participation inthe game according to the point or status.

In the above-mentioned management system, the point or status may beused for payment of charges of hotels or predetermined facilities undera predetermined condition.

With this configuration, by promoting the participants to use facilitiessuch as hotels and stay longer according to the point or status, the betamount in the casino hall can be increased.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to store information about following items 1)to 3): 1) a bet amount (B) of individual game played at the game table;2) a win-loss result (W&L) of the individual game played at the gametable; and 3) a gross profit ratio (R %) according to rules of the gameplayed at the game table, in each and/or a predetermined time or period,and use the information about the items 1) to 3) to calculate afollowing equation:

Y=ρ(B×W&L×R%)

to output a gross profit (Y).

With this configuration, the gross profit (Y) can be calculated from thebet amount, the win-loss result, and the gross profit ratio.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to output bet positions and/or the number ofstacks of the gaming chips placed on the game table by the gameparticipant, or the number of the gaming chips in each stack.

With this configuration, the bet amount can be ascertained for each betposition or stack.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to calculate the gross profit (Y) usingdifferent gross profit ratios (R1%, R2%, . . . ), if the gross profitratio (R %) based on rules of the game played at the game table is thegross profit ratio that varies according to layout or bet area of thegame table.

With this configuration, the gross profit (Y) can be calculated usingthe gross profit ratio that varies according to the layout to estimatethe layout.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to output the distribution state of the totalbet amount (TB) of the game and/or the bet amount (B) of the game, ifdifferent gross profit ratios are set according to layout or bet area ofthe game table, for each layout or bet area with different gross profitratio (R1%, R2%, . . . ).

With this configuration, the distribution of the bet amount for eachlayout or bet area can be ascertained to analyze the layout in which theparticipant bets a target having a high ratio.

With this configuration, the distribution of the bet amount for eachgross profit ratio can be ascertained to analyze the layout in which theparticipant bets a target having a high ratio.

The above-mentioned management system may further include an overallmanagement device configured to manage a plurality of game tables, andthe overall management device may be configured to compare the grossprofits (Y) or the total gross profit ratios (R %) of the game tableshaving layout or bet area with each other in unit of game table, thedifferent gross profit ratios (R1%, R2%, . . . ) being set according tothe layout or bet area of the game table.

With this configuration, the distribution of the bet amount for eachtable can be ascertained to analyze the layout in which the participantbets a target having a high ratio.

In the above-mentioned management system, the measurement device may beconfigured to read the unique IDs of the gaming chips and/or use acamera to measure the total amount of the gaming chips in the chip trayof the game table, and the management and control device may beconfigured to use information acquired from the win-loss determinationdevice and the measurement device in each game to detect the winning orlosing amount for the game organizer (Y), perform noncoincidencedetection of detecting whether or not an increase/decrease amount in thetotal amount of the gaming chips in the chip tray coincides with thewinning or losing amount for the game organizer (Y), and output adetection result.

With this configuration, any unfair practice or mistake in collection orpayment of the gaming chips can be detected.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to count the number of times of noncoincidencedetection of detecting the increase/decrease amount in the total amountof the gaming chips in the chip tray coincides with the winning orlosing amount for the game organizer (Y), and output the count.

With this configuration, the number of unfair practices or mistakes incollection or payment of the gaming chips can be ascertained.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to compare the increase/decrease amount in thetotal amount of the gaming chips in the chip tray with the winning orlosing amount for the game organizer (Y), count a noncoincidence amount(L) when noncoincidence occurs, and output the count.

With this configuration, the noncoincidence amount caused by unfairpractices or mistakes in collection or payment of the gaming chips canbe ascertained.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to ascertain an accumulated amount of thenoncoincidence amount (L).

With this configuration, the accumulated noncoincidence amount caused byunfair practices or mistakes in collection or payment of the gamingchips can be ascertained.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to compare the increase/decrease amount in thetotal amount of the gaming chips in the chip tray with the winning orlosing amount for the game organizer (Y), count the noncoincidenceamount (L), and calculate a following equation:

Y′=Σ(B×W&L×R%±L)

to output a gross profit (Y′).

With this configuration, the gross profit can be calculated inconsideration of the noncoincidence amount.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to compare the increase/decrease amount in thetotal amount of the gaming chips in the chip tray with the winning orlosing amount for the game organizer (Y), count the noncoincidenceamount (L), and output the noncoincidence amount (L) for each gameparticipant or each dealer in charge of each game table.

With this configuration, the noncoincidence amount can be ascertainedfor each dealer or game participant to identify a person with suspectedunfair practice.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be further configured to compare results of the actualwinning percentage and the total amount of the gross profit (Y) withnumerals calculated by probability and statistics or numerals based onprevious accumulated data at completion of a predetermined the number ofgames for each game participant and for each dealer in charge of eachgame table, determine whether or not there is a significant differencetherebetween, and identify at least one of the game participant, thedealer, and the game table that cause the significant difference.

With this configuration, even if a high level of unfair practice thatcannot be detected in unit of games is made, a person with suspectedunfair practice can be identified by statistically calculating thewinning percentage and the gross profit.

In the above-mentioned management system, the management and controldevice may be configured to store the bet chip amounts at each gametable at the bet positions having different gross profit ratios (R %),and identify whether or not a cause for the significant difference in aseries of games causing the significant difference is related to the betpositions having the different gross profit ratios (R %).

With this configuration, for example, the game participant who wins at atypical winning percentage, but bets at high ratio when wins, or thedealer in collusion with such game participant can be found.

An example embodiment of the present invention is directed to a gamemanagement system for managing casino games played in a play hall, wherethe game management system includes: a win-loss determination deviceconfigured to determine a win-loss result of each game at a game table;a measurement device configured to measure the type and the number ofgaming chips placed on the game table; a management and control deviceconfigured to identify and store the position, the type, and the numberof the gaming chips placed on bet area of the game table for each playerposition of the game table, based on a measurement result of themeasurement device in each game; and an overall management deviceconfigured to manage a plurality of game tables, where the managementand control device is configured to associate the player position with aparticular game participant at the game table and use informationacquired from the win-lose determination device and the measurementdevice to detect a winning or losing amount for each game participant,and the overall management device is configured to ascertain purchaseinformation and selling information about the gaming chips for each gameparticipant in a predetermined time or period, and performs addition orsubtraction of the purchase information and the selling information foreach game participant, and the winning or losing amount detected by themanagement and control device for each game participant to ascertain abalance of the gaming chips owned by each game participant at apredetermined timing.

In an example of this game management system, the overall managementdevice is configured to ascertain purchase information and sellinginformation about the gaming chips for each game participant in a periodfrom entrance into the play hall to leaving from the play hall of eachgame participant.

In an example of this above-mentioned game management system, the systemfurther includes an entrance and leaving management device configured torecognize entrance/leaving of the game participant into/from the playhall, where the overall management device is configured to useinformation acquired from the entrance and leaving management device toascertain the game participant who attempts to leave from the play halland issue an alert about the leaving of the game participant when thebalance of the gaming chips owned by the concerned game participant is apredetermined amount or more.

In an example of this above-mentioned game management system, the gameparticipant is identified by face recognition system using an image froma camera, or by reading a member card or a credit card of the gameparticipant.

The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of theexemplary embodiments will become more apparent from the followingdetailed description of the exemplary embodiments when taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view illustrating the configuration of a game table system;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a gaming chip;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of a cardshoe;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the cardshoe;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view illustrating a reading result display part;

FIG. 6 is a view illustrating data recorded in a recording part;

FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a reader/writer and a member card;

FIG. 8 is a view illustrating information stored in the member card 1;

FIG. 9 is a plan view illustrating a dealer chip tray;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view illustrating a collection floatof the dealer chip tray;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the dealerchip tray;

FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating the management of a table game;

FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating roles of each constituent in fourstages of unfair practice detection;

FIG. 14 is a view illustrating an example of a monitor screen displayinga comparison result between bet information at start of the game and betinformation at the end of the game;

FIG. 15 is a view illustrating an example of a monitor screen in thecase of late betting;

FIG. 16 is a view illustrating an example of a monitor screen in thecase of unbetting;

FIG. 17 is a view illustrating an example of the configuration of acasino play hall;

FIG. 18 is a view illustrating the configuration of a game recordgenerated for each game;

FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an overallmanagement device;

FIG. 20 is an exemplified sales table generated by a sales balancemanagement part of the overall management device;

FIG. 21 is an exemplified gross profit table generated by the salesbalance management part of the overall management device;

FIG. 22 is a view for describing the situation where the sales of theentire casino play hall is limited to be low;

FIG. 23A is a view for describing the situation where the sales of theentire casino play hall are limited to be low;

FIG. 23B is a view for describing the situation where the sales of theentire casino play hall are limited to be low;

FIG. 24A is a table illustrating an example of setting the minimum betamount based on the actual bet amount;

FIG. 24B is a table illustrating an example of setting the minimum betamount based on the actual bet amount;

FIG. 25A is a view illustrating an example of decision of therecommended value of the minimum bet amount based on table congestiondegree;

FIG. 25B is a view illustrating an example of decision of therecommended value of the minimum bet amount based on table congestiondegree;

FIG. 26A is a view for describing an example of opening of a new gametable in a certain area;

FIG. 26B is a view for describing an example of opening of a new gametable in a certain area; and

FIG. 26C is a view for describing an example of opening of a new gametable in a certain area.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF NON-LIMITING EXAMPLE EMBODIMENT

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below withreference to figures. The embodiment described below merely describes anexample in implementing the present invention, and does not limit thepresent invention to the below-mentioned specific configuration. Inimplementing the present invention, the specific configuration may beappropriately adopted according to the embodiment.

This embodiment describes the configuration for finding and preventingvarious unfair practices and mistakes in the casino play hall, andutilizing such configuration for improvement in the operation andmanagement of the casino. Games in the casino experience followingphases: bet, game, settlement (collection of loser's chip and payment toa winner). Unfair practices on game tables are often made in the periodfrom the end of bet to settlement.

A table game management system 100 in this embodiment includes aplurality of game table systems 10. Using various sensing technologiesand information processing technologies, each of the game table systems10 or the management system 100 find unfair practices, mistakes, ordoubt about them later or in real time. The management system in thisembodiment processes sensing data acquired for finding unfair practicesor mistakes, thereby calculating useful data for the operation andmanagement of the casino.

FIG. 1 is a view illustrating the configuration of the game tablesystem. The game table system 10 is provided with a game table 4, acamera 2, a card shoe 3, a display 15, a reader/writer 5, a dealer chiptray 17, and a table management control device 50. The camera 2, thecard shoe 3, the reader/writer 5, the display 15, and the dealer chiptray 17 each are connected to the table management control device 50.The table management control devices 50 of the plurality of game tablesystems 10 are connected to an overall management device 60 so as to becommunicable in a wired or wireless manner, to constitute the table gamemanagement system 100.

The table management control device 50 is a computer including aprocessor and a memory, and operates according to a control program inthis embodiment. The table management control device 50 further includesa recording medium such as nonvolatile memory. The table managementcontrol device 50 further includes an input/output port connected to thecamera 2, the reader/writer 5, the display 15, and the dealer chip tray17. The table management control device 50 has a communication functionfor communication with the overall management device 60. If the tablemanagement control device 50 wirelessly communicates with the overallmanagement device 60, the communication function includes an antenna.

The game table 4 is substantially elliptical, and has a dealer positionat the center on one side of the minor axis of an ellipse, where adealer D is located, and a plurality of player positions on the otherside of the minor axis, where a plurality of game participants(hereinafter referred to as “player”) P are located. In the exampleillustrated in FIG. 1, the seven player positions are set. The dealerchip tray 17 is embedded at the dealer position on the game table 4.Numbers “1”, “2”, “3”, “5”, “6”, “7”, and “8” are assigned to the sevenplayer positions, respectively.

A hand area 45 including a PLAYER hand area 451 and a BANKER hand area452 is provided at the center of the game table 4. As described above,in the layout illustrated in FIG. 1, a bet area for all types of bettargets are provided at each of the player positions. That is, in thelayout in FIG. 1, the bet targets for a bet area 44 are provided as aPLAYER area 441, a BANKER area 442, a TIE area 443, a BANKER PAIR area444, and a PLAYER PAIR area 445 at each of the player positions.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a gaming chip. A gaming chip(hereinafter referred to as “chip”) 9 is produced by stacking at leastthree plastic plates, and bonding them by thermocompression and then,being cut out by punching. The chip 9 is disc-shaped, and has the samedesign on front and back faces. Numerals indicating the value of thechip are also written on the front and back faces.

The outermost layers of the plurality of stacked layers have the samewhite or light color irrespective of the value of the chip, and theintermediate layer has a color specific to the value. With thisconfiguration, the value of the chip 9 may be visually recognized basedon the design (including numerals indicating the value) on the front andback faces, as well as the color of the intermediate layer (alsoreferred to as (“center line”).

An RFID tag is embedded between the layers of the chip 9. The RFID tagstores at least information about the value of the chip. In this manner,the value of the chip 9 may be recognized by reading the RFID tagthrough electromagnetic wave, or by visually reading the appearance ofthe front and back faces or the side face.

The camera 2 is a digital camera, and outputs captured images and videoto a measurement device 21. The camera captures images (still images) atpredetermined time intervals. Alternatively, the camera 2 mayperiodically capture images (still images) while capturing a video(moving images). The camera 2 is installed so as to capture images ofthe bet area 44 where the players P place the chips 9 for betting, thehand area 45 where the dealer D places cards drawn from the card shoe 3,and the dealer chip tray 17. The camera 2 may further capture images ofthe players located at the player positions.

The plurality of cameras 2 may be installed at one game table 4, andcapture images in different ranges. For example, the plurality ofcameras may be provided so as to take images of the left bet area 44,the right bet area 44, the hand area 45, the dealer chip tray 17, andthe player positions. Alternatively, one camera 2 may change the viewingfield to take images in different ranges. Further, when the plurality ofcameras are installed, the plurality of cameras may capture the image ofa stack of the same chips 9. In this case, if all cameras have no deadangle and can clearly view the stack, the image captured from theclosest position is used.

The measurement device 21 recognizes the image acquired from the camera2. This image recognition recognizes the chips 9 on the game table 4.Various techniques of detecting an object from an image can be adoptedas the image recognition. For object detection, machine learningtechnologies such as deep neural network and deep learning areadvantageously used. In object detection using machine learning, thechips 9 may be independently recognized. The measurement device 21 mayuse a recursive neural network such as LSTM to recognize time seriesdata such as a plurality of consecutive images or a video, therebydetecting an object.

The measurement device 21 may simultaneously recognize the value and thenumber of piled (stacked) chips 9 in each stack, and associate the stackwith the player position or player. In this case, by prepared a labelfor each combination of the number and value of the chip, for example,“four piled 100-dollar chips”, “five piled 1000-dollar chips”, machinelearning and object detection are performed. In this manner, even ifthere is any hidden chip 9 in the stack, the number of the piled chips 9may be correctly recognized. In a certain image, if there is anotherstack located in the dead area around the stack of the chips 9, themeasurement device 21 recognizes the stack located in the non-dead area,and ascertains the value and the number of the chips.

The measurement device 21 can further identify each of the bet areas 441to 445 in the layout of the game table 4. The bet area 44 can be alsoidentified using the machine learning technology. For example, themeasurement device 21 applies semantic segmentation to an image, therebyidentifying a region corresponding to each of the bet area 441 to 445 ateach player position, and assigning a tag consisting of the combinationof the number of the player position and the type of the bet area (bettarget) to the region.

Based on the result of image segmentation and the recognition result ofthe chips 9, the measurement device 21 ascertains the number of chips 9,the value of the chips 9, and the player positions and the bet targetsof the chips 9, that is, the bet target and the bet amount at eachplayer position.

The measurement device 21 may further recognize the image of the chipsin the dealer chip tray 17 to ascertain the number and the type of thechips in the dealer chip tray 17. Since the side faces of all chips 9stored in the dealer chip tray 17 are exposed from the tray, themeasurement device 21 can recognize the design of the side faces of thechips 9, in turn, the value of the chips 9. Based on the recognitionresult, the table management control device 50 calculates the totalamount of the chips in the dealer chip tray 17.

The measurement device 21 may further analyze the image of the camera 2to ascertain the position and contents (rank and suit) of a card that isdrawn from the card shoe 3 and placed face up in the hand area 45 of thegame table 4. In this case, the measurement device 21 may recognizestart, end and game result of the game, based on the position andcontents of the card recognized by image recognition and stored gamerules. By using the neural network technology as the image recognition,even if the card is squeezed and bent, the contents of the card placedface up on the table can be read.

In the case where the measurement device 21 performs image recognitionwith respect to the card on the game table 4, the measurement device 21can determine the progress state of the game. Specifically, themeasurement device 21 analyzes the image from the camera 2, therebyrecognizing whether or not the chip has been placed in the bet area(first state), any card has been drawn (second state), all cards to bedrawn has been drawn and placed in a card area (third state), and allcards and chips has been removed from the game table 4 (fourth state) toascertain the progress state of the game.

The measurement device 21 may prepare a first state flag to a fourthstate flag corresponding to the first state to the fourth state, andascertain the progress state of the game according to the flag. That is,the state in which only the first state flag is turned on indicates thatthe player is betting. From this state, the state in which the firststate flag and the second state flag are turned on indicates the gamingstate in which the card is drawn, and the game is progressing. Further,the state in which the third state flag is turned on indicates thesettlement state in which the gaming state is finished to establish agame result, and chip collection and payment are performed. The periodfrom turning-on of the fourth state flag to turning-off of the fourthstate flag and turning-on of the first state flag indicates an intervalstate between a previous game and a next game. In this manner, the tablemanagement control device 50 analyzes the image from the camera 2,thereby turning on/off the state flags and ascertaining the progressstate (state) of the game based on the combination of turning-of/off ofthe state flags.

In the baccara, in some cases, two cards written as “PLAYER” and“BANKER” are placed on the game table 4, and the dealer turns overeither of the cards according to a game result to clearly present thegame result to the players. In this case, when analyzing the image fromthe camera 2 and ascertaining that either of the cards is turned over,the measurement device 21 may recognize that the game result isestablished, and turn on the third state flag. At this time, whenanalyzing the image from the camera 2 and determining which card isturned over, the measurement device 21 may ascertain the game result.The measurement device 21 may be configured of the same hardware as thetable management control device 50.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, position, type, and number of the betchips 9 are found by image recognition using the camera 2 and themeasurement device 21. Additionally or alternatively, the bet chips 9may be found using RFID. In this case, to read the RFID tag built in thechip 9 placed in the bet area, a RFID reader is embedded at each betarea of the table face of the game table 4. The reading result of theRFID reader is notified to the table management control device 50.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of the cardshoe. The card shoe 3 can store a plurality of decks (for example, 8decks) of cards in a storage part 31. The dealer D can manually draw thecards one by one from an outlet 32 of the card shoe 3. A standby button33 and a reading result display part 34 are provided on the side face ofthe card shoe 3. The standby button 33 is used to operate when carddrawing is finished in the game (that is, when the game result isestablished). The reading result display part 34 is configured of aliquid crystal monitor.

A game result display lamp 35 is provided at the edge of the upper faceof the card shoe 3 on the opposite side to the outlet 32. The gameresult display lamp 35 includes a plurality of lamps, and indicates thegame result according to which lamp is turned on. The game resultdisplay lamp 35 includes a TIE lamp turned on when the game result isTIE, a PLAYER lamp turned on when the game result is PLAYER, a BANKERlamp turned on when the game result is BANKER, a P. PAIR lamp lit whenPLAYER is PAIR, and a B. PAIR lamp turned on when BANKER is PAIR.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the cardshoe. The card shoe 3 includes, in addition to the constituentsillustrated in FIG. 3, a card reading part 36, a game progressdetermination part 37, a game result determination part 38, a drawlimitation part 39, a time recording part 40, and a recording part 41.

When the dealer D draws the card from the outlet 32 of the card shoe 3,the card reading part 36 reads rank and suit of the drawn card. Thesurface of the card displaying the rank and suit (hereinafter referredto as “front face”) is subjected to subjected to special treatment toindicate rank and suit, in addition to visually recognizablerepresentation of rank and suit. For example, any invisible sign, ortwo-dimensional or one-dimensional code, which indicates rank and suit,may be printed on each card, and the card reading part 36 may read theprinting to recognize rank and suit of the card.

The card is not necessarily subjected to special treatment. In thiscase, the card reading part 36 may capture an image of the front face ofthe card, and recognize numeral indicating rank and symbol indicatingsuit, which are visibly printed on the front face of the card, by imagerecognition. Alternatively, the card may include a recording medium forstoring information about rank and suit, and the card reading part 36may read the information in a contactless manner to recognize rank andsuit of the drawn card.

Based on the reading result of the card reading part 36, the gameprogress determination part 37 ascertains the progress of the game. Thegame progress determination part 37 determines whether the drawn card isbanker hand or player hand according to the rules of the baccara. Basedon the rules of the baccara and suit and rank of four cards initiallydrawn from the start of the game, the game progress determination part37 determines whether or not the player or the banker needs to draw thethird card.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view illustrating the reading result display part.The reading result display part 34 displays read suit and rank in abanker hand 341 and a player hand 342 as simple marks. According to thedetermination result in the game progress determination part 37 that thedrawn card is the player hand or the banker hand, the reading resultdisplay part 34 displays the result (suit and rank) read by the cardreading part 36.

Returning to FIG. 4, when the game progress determination part 37determines that all cards has been drawn, the game result determinationpart 38 determines the game result according to the reading result ofthe card reading part 36 and the rules of the baccara. Specifically, thegame result determination part 38 determines which of PLAYER, BANKER andTIE wins, whether or not PLAYER pair is present, and whether or notBANKER pair is present.

In the baccara, the game result does not depend on the determination ofthe players P or the dealer D, and can be determined only byascertaining rank and suit of the card drawn from the card shoe 3. Inthis manner, the card shoe 3 including the game result determinationpart 38 also functions as the win-loss determination device. The gameresult determined by the game result determination part 38, togetherwith date and time, and table number, is recorded in the recording part41.

When the standby button 33 is pressed, the game result display lamp 35turns on the lamp according to the determination result from the gameresult determination part 38. Specifically, the game result display lamp35 turns on any of the PLAYER lamp, the BANKER lamp, and the TIE lampaccording to which of PLAYER, BANKER and TIE wins. When the game resultdetermination part 38 determines that PLAYER pair is present, the P.PAIR lamp is turned on, and when the game result determination part 38determines that BANKER pair is present, the B. PAIR lamp is turned on.

As described above, when all cards are drawn, the players finishsqueeze, and the game result is established at the game table 4, thedealer D presses the standby button 33. Pressing the standby button 33causes the game result display lamp 35 of the card shoe 3 to be turnedon. Accordingly, the dealer D can confirm whether or not the game resultindicated by the card placed face up on the game table 4 coincides withthe game result indicated by the game result display lamp 35.

When the unfair player P makes unfair practice (for example, replacesthe card drawn from the card shoe 3 with the card brought by oneself),the game result indicated by the card placed face up on the game table 4does not coincide with the game result indicated by the game resultdisplay lamp 35, such that the dealer D can detect the unfair practice.When the standby button 33 is pressed, the game result display lamp 35turns out all lamps.

When it is attempted to draw the card from the outlet 32 in a drawprohibition period, the draw limitation part 39 limits card drawing. Dueto its physical mechanism, the draw limitation part 39 makes itdifficult to draw the card from the outlet 32, or prevents the card frombeing drawn. The former case is effective at calling the dealer'sattention when the dealer D is about to wrongly draw the card, and thelatter case is effective at preventing the players P from unfairlydrawing the card.

The draw prohibition period is the period from the time when all cardsto be drawn in the game (2 to 3 for each of PLAYER and BANKER) have beendrawn to the time when the standby button 33 is pressed. The drawlimitation part 39 acquires information about the game progress statefrom the game progress determination part 37, and information aboutwhether or not the standby button 33 has been pressed, and determineswhether or not it is the draw prohibition period based on theinformation. When any unfair practice or mistake is detected, the drawlimitation part 39 limits card drawing according to a control signalfrom the table management control device 50.

As described above, when all cards are placed face up on the table toestablish the game result, the dealer D presses the standby button 33.Thus, the timing when the standby button 33 is pressed means the end ofthe game and the start of the settlement. The timing when the first cardis drawn after pressing of the standby button 33 means the end of betand the start of the game.

Thus, the time recording part 40 detects pressing of the standby button33, and records the time as game end (settlement start) time in therecording part 41. The time recording part 40 detects that the cardreading part 36 first reads the card after pressing of the standbybutton 33, and records the time as game start (bet end) time in therecording part 41. That is, the card shoe 3 sets start time of carddealing to the game start time.

FIG. 6 is a view illustrating data recorded in the recording part. FIG.6 illustrates records for one game, and the recording part 41 recordsthese records for each game. The recording part 41 records, in additionto the game end time and game start time recorded by the time recordingpart 40, the win-loss result (any of PLAYER, BANKER and TIE) determinedby the game result determination part 38, presence/absence of PLAYERPAIR and presence/absence of BANKER PAIR.

The data recorded in the recording part 41 is transmitted to the tablemanagement control device 50. Alternatively, the data illustrated inFIG. 6 may be transmitted to the table management control device 50 andrecorded in the table management control device 50 without beingrecorded in the recording part 41.

FIG. 7 is a view illustrating the reader/writer and a member card. Themember card 1 is a plastic card and has an RF tag 11 therein. A memberID assigned to each player (member) by member registration, points ownedby the player (owned points) and so on are stored in the RF tag 11. TheRF tag 11 is provided with an antenna, and the reader/writer 5 canwrite/read information to/from the RF tag 11 in a contactless manner.

The reader/writer 5 includes a wireless part 51, a seating button 52, aseat leaving button 53, and a position designation button 54. Thewireless part 51 writes/reads information to/from the RF tag 11 in themember card 1 according to the RFID mode. The position designationbutton 54 includes buttons “1”, “2”, “3”, “5”, “6”, “7” and “8”corresponding to the seven positions of the game table 4 and a button“C” for cancelling designation.

FIG. 8 is a view illustrating information stored in the member card 1.The member card 1 stores the member ID, the owned points, the latestbalance, the acquired points during the last three days, the acquiredpoints during the last one month, and the acquired points during thelast one year. A total value of the paid amount (+) and the collectedamount (−) in the period from previous seating to seat leaving isrecorded as the latest balance.

When the player P is seated at the player position of the game table 4,the dealer D keeps the member card 1 of the concerned player P, andcauses the reader/writer 5 to read the member card 1. Specifically, thedealer D presses the position designation button 54 at the correspondingplayer position, presses the seating button 52, and holds the membercard 1 over the wireless part 51 to cause the wireless part 51 to readinformation recorded in the member card 1. Thereby, the reader/writer 5can identify the player P located at each player position based on themember ID, and function as a player identification means.

The reader/writer 5 outputs (transmits) information read by the wirelesspart 51, a seating signal responding to pressing of the seating button52, and information about the player position at which the playercorresponding to the member ID is seated, to the table managementcontrol device 50. The table management control device 50 records theinformation received from the reader/writer 5 as well as the time whenthe seating signal is received as start time. The start time is recordedin the form of time and date. The table management control device 50transmits information about the start time and the member ID receivedfrom the reader/writer 5 to the overall management device 60.

Based on the member ID and information about the player position fromthe reader/writer 5, the table management control device 50 ascertainswhat player P having what member ID plays at which player position. Thatis, the table management control device 50 can associate each playerposition of the game table 4 with the particular player P at the gametable 4. While the player P plays a plurality of games, the tablemanagement control device 50 finds bet amount, paid amount, andcollected amount for each member ID, and records them.

When the player P leaves the game table 4, the dealer D causes thereader/writer 5 to read the member card 1 kept from the player P. Inthis case, the dealer D presses the seat leaving button 53, and holdsthe member card 1 over the wireless part 51, causing the wireless part51 to read the member ID from the member card 1.

The reader/writer 5 outputs (transmits) the member ID and a seat leavingsignal to the table management control device 50. When receiving themember ID and the seat leaving signal from the reader/writer 5, thetable management control device 50 records the time when the seatleaving signal is received as end time. The end time is recorded in theform of date and time. The table management control device 50 findsaccumulated bet amount and accumulated balance for the member ID fromthe start time to the end time. Further, the table management controldevice 50 calculates the acquired points based on the bet amountaccumulated from the start time to the end time.

The table management control device 50 adds the calculated acquiredpoints to the owned points read from the member card 1 at seating toupdate the owned point. Based on the calculated acquired points, all ofthe acquired points during the last three days, the acquired pointsduring the last one month, and the acquired points during the last oneyear are updated. The table management control device 50 outputs theupdated owned points, acquired points during the last three days,acquired points during the last one month, and acquired points duringthe last one year, and the accumulated balance from the start time tothe end time, to the reader/writer 5. Using the information, thereader/writer 5 rewrites the information in the member card 1. Theaccumulated balance from the start time to the end time is recorded asthe latest balance.

The above-mentioned functions of the table management control device 50and the reader/writer 5 enables addition of points corresponding to theactual bet amount to the member card 1, such that the players P canstore the owned points in the member card 1.

A face recognition system may be used as a player identification means.A camera installed on a ceiling, a camera for recognizing the bet area,or a face recognition camera installed at each table may be used as acamera for the face recognition system. As in the member card, playerinformation recognized by the face recognition system may be associatedwith the bet amount or the like. In the case where a plurality ofplayers bet on one player position (back bet), it can be recognizedwhich player bets each chip.

The display 15 is a liquid crystal display. The display 15 may be atwo-dimensionally disposed lamp. The display 15 is positioned andoriented so as to be visually recognizable to the players P at theplayer positions and surrounding customers.

The display 15 displays various information. For example, when the gametable 4 closes, an indication of closure (for example, letters “CLOSED”)is displayed, and when the game table 4 opens, game conditions such as aminimum bet amount (for example, letters “MIN. $100”) and a highest betamount (for example, letters “MAX. $100000”) are displayed.

FIG. 9 is a plan view illustrating the dealer chip tray. A plurality ofvertical grooves are provided side by side in the dealer chip tray 17.The grooves each are formed to be inclined toward the side of the dealerD. Thus, the chips 9 stored in the grooves move to the near side of thedealer D due to self-weight, and are sequentially piled from the nearside of the dealer D.

The two right grooves constitute a collection float 171 for temporarilystoring the chips 9 collected from the losing players P at thesettlement, and the remaining grooves constitute a collection float 172for storing the chips 9 by value. The dealer D temporarily stores thechips 9 collected from the game table 4 in the collection float 171 andthen, pays the chips 9 from the collection float 172 to the winningplayers P, and finally stores the chips 9 in the collection float 171,in the collection float 172 by value.

Three confirmation lamps including a bet confirmation lamp 173, acollection confirmation lamp 174, and a payment confirmation lamp 175are provided on the upper side of the dealer chip tray 17. The betconfirmation lamp 173 is turned on according to the confirmation resultabout whether or not a change in the chips 9 bet from the start of thegame to the end of the game (late betting or unbetting) is present. Thecollection confirmation lamp 174 is turned on according to the collectedamount and the confirmation result about whether or not the collectedchips 9 are authentic. The payment confirmation lamp 175 is turned onaccording to the confirmation result about whether or not the paidamount is authentic.

A RFID reader 176 for reading the RFID tag built in the chip 9 isprovided in the dealer chip tray 17. The RFID reader 176 can read theRFID tags of the chips 9 stored in all grooves of the collection float171 and the collection float 172. As described above, since the RFID tagof each chip 9 records the value of the chip 9, the RFID reader 176 canread the RFID tags of all chips 9 in the dealer chip tray 17,ascertaining the total amount of the chips 9 in the dealer chip tray 17.

The RFID reader 176 can independently read the RFID tags of the chips 9stored in the collection float 171 and the RFID tags of the chips 9stored in the collection float 172. That is, when reading the RFID tags,the RFID reader 176 can distinguish the RFID tags of the chips 9 storedin the collection float 171 from the RFID tags of the chips 9 stored inthe collection float 172. To achieve such individual reading, the RFIDreader 176 may be provided with an antenna for reading the RFID tags ofthe chips 9 stored in the collection float 171, and an antenna forreading the RFID tags of the chips 9 stored in the collection float 172,or may be provided with respective antennas for the grooves.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view illustrating the collectionfloat of the dealer chip tray. In a curved portion of the collectionfloat 171, which conforms to the side face of the stored chips 9, a slit177 is formed along the length of the collection float 171. The slit 177is provided with a linear optical sensor (line sensor) 178. The linesensor 178 can ascertain how high the chips 9 are piled in thecollection float 171, or how many chips 9 are stored in the collectionfloat 171. The collection float 172 may be also provided with similarslit and optical sensor. By forming a series of slit in the groove,capturing an image of the slit from the back side using a camera (forexample, infrared camera), and recognizing the acquired image, thenumber of chips 9 stored in the groove may be ascertained.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the dealerchip tray. The dealer chip tray 17 includes a confirmation part 179, inaddition to the above-mentioned constituents. The confirmation part 179is configured of a computer, and executes a predetermined program toconstitute a bet information ascertainment confirmation part 1791, acollection confirmation part 1792, an authenticity determination part1793, and a payment confirmation part 1794. Various data andinstructions are inputted from the table management control device 50 tothe confirmation part 179.

The confirmation part 179 is connected to the bet confirmation lamp 173,the collection confirmation lamp 174, and the payment confirmation lamp175 to control these lamps. Specifically, the confirmation part 179controls turning-on, flashing, and turning-off, as well as luminescentcolors of the bet confirmation lamp 173, the collection confirmationlamp 174, and the payment confirmation lamp 175. Operations of theconfirmation part 179 will be described later.

As described above, the camera 2, the card shoe 3, and the dealer chiptray 17 each input information for detecting any unfair practice ormistake (hereinafter referred to as only “unfair practice”) to the tablemanagement control device 50. A method of detecting the unfair practicein each game will be described below.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating the management of the table game inthis embodiment. The unfair practice detection in this embodiment isdivided into four stages: ascertainment and confirmation of the gameresult (Step S121), ascertainment and confirmation of the betinformation about the chips 9 (Step S122), collection confirmation andauthenticity determination of the chips 9 (Step S123), and paymentconfirmation of the chips 9 (Step S124).

Among them, ascertainment and confirmation of the bet information aboutthe chips 9 (Step S122), collection confirmation and authenticitydetermination of the chips 9 (Step S123), and payment confirmation ofthe chips 9 (Step S124) are performed by the bet informationascertainment confirmation part 1791, the collection confirmation part1792, the authenticity determination part 1793, and the paymentconfirmation part 1794 of the confirmation part 179 of the dealer chiptray 17.

A monitor is connected to the table management control device 50, anddisplays screens for confirming: ascertainment and confirmation of thebet information about the chips 9 (Step S122), collection confirmationand authenticity determination of the chips 9 (Step S123), and paymentconfirmation of the chips 9 (Step S124). The monitor is connected to thetable management control device 50, installed at a backyard, andvisually observed by a guard. The monitor may be installed at the gametable 4 in addition to or in place of the backyard.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating roles of the constituents in thefour-stages of unfair practice detection. The leftmost row illustratesthe flow of the game progress and dealer's operations at the game table4. In the flow illustrated in FIG. 13, mutual coordination among thecard shoe 3, the camera 2, the dealer chip tray 17, and the tablemanagement control device 50 are made under control of the tablemanagement control device 50.

First, the dealer D instructs the players P to start bet (Step S01). Theplayers P each place the chip 9 on the bet area for betting. When all ofthe players P finish bet, the dealer D gives a signal of “no more bet”(Step S02) and from then on, the players P are not allowed to change thebet target and the bet amount.

When bet is finished, the dealer D draws the first card from the cardshoe 3 (Step S03). When the card shoe 3 detects that the first card isdrawn since the standby button 33 was pressed in the previous game (StepS31), the time recording part 40 records the time in the recording part41, and notifies it to the table management control device 50.

The table management control device 50 controls the camera 2 to capturean image of the bet area (Step S21). The camera 2 transmits the capturedimage to the table management control device 50, and the tablemanagement control device 50 recognizes the image to recognize the betinformation at start of the game (Step S501). The table managementcontrol device 50 controls the dealer chip tray 17 such that the RFIDreader 176 reads all chips 9 in the dealer chip tray 17 to ascertain thetotal amount of all chips 9 in the dealer chip tray 17 (Step S171).

The camera 2 may capture images of the bet area at predetermined timeintervals and transmit the images to the table management control device50. In this case, after receiving the notification that drawing of thefirst card was detected from the card shoe 3, the table managementcontrol device 50 may recognize the first image acquired from the camera2 to recognize bet information at start of the game. Here, the betinformation indicates information about the player, the bet targets(PLAYER, BANKER, TIE, PLAYER PAIR, BANKER PAIR), and the number of thechips 9, and the value of the chips 9. The table management controldevice 50 stores the bet information at start of the game.

When the dealer D sequentially draws the cards and draws the final card(Step S04), and the players P perform squeeze and open all cards (StepS05), the game result is established at the game table 4. As describedabove, while the dealer D sequentially draws the cards, the card shoe 3reads rank and suit of the drawn card.

When all cards are opened, the dealer D presses the standby button 33 ofthe card shoe 3 (Step S06). When detecting that the standby button 33 ispressed (Step S32), the card shoe 3 determines the game result based onthe read rank and suit of the cards and the rules of the baccara (StepS33), and turns on the game result display lamp 35 according to the gameresult (Step S34).

The dealer D compares the game result determined based on the cardsopened on the game table 4 with the game result indicated by the gameresult display lamp 35 of the card shoe 3 (Step S07). This confirmationcorresponds to ascertainment and confirmation of the game result in theflow illustrated in FIG. 12 (Step S121).

When detecting that the standby button 33 is pressed (Step S32), thecard shoe 3 notifies it to the table management control device 50. Thetable management control device 50 controls the camera 2 to capture animage of the bet area 44 (Step S22). The camera 2 transmits the capturedimage to the table management control device 50, and the tablemanagement control device 50 recognizes the image to recognize betinformation at the end of the game (Step S502).

Since the players P are not allowed to change bet contents (bet targets,bet amount) from the start of the game (bet end) to the end of the game,if any unfair practice is absent, the bet information recognized by thecontrol device 50 at the start of the game (Step S501) should coincidewith the bet information recognized by the control device 50 at the endof the game (Step S502). Thus, the table management control device 50compares the bet information with each other (Step S503).

The table management control device 50 notifies coincidence ornoncoincidence as a comparison result to the dealer chip tray 17. Thecase where the comparison result exhibits noncoincidence includes thecase where the total number or total amount of the chips 9 becomeslarger at the end of the game than at start of the game (late bettingtried by the winning player P), and the case where the total number ortotal amount of the chips 9 becomes smaller at the end of the game thanat start of the game (unbetting tried by the losing player P).

According to the comparison result from the table management controldevice 50, the bet information ascertainment confirmation part 1791 ofthe dealer chip tray 17 turns on the bet confirmation lamp 173 (StepS172). Here, the bet information ascertainment confirmation part 1791turns on the bet confirmation lamp 173 in green if the comparison resultexhibits noncoincidence, and flashes the bet confirmation lamp 173 inyellow if the comparison result exhibits coincidence.

The dealer D confirms that the bet confirmation lamp 173 is turned on ingreen (Step S08), and collects the chips 9 from the losing players P andstores the collected chips 9 in the collection float 171 (Step S09).Based on the game result determined by the card shoe 3 and therecognized bet information, the table management control device 50calculates the amount of the chips 9 to be collected (collected amount)(Step S504). The collected amount is calculated from the value andnumber of the chips 9 to be collected. The table management controldevice 50 notifies the calculated collected amount to the dealer chiptray 17.

When the dealer D puts the collected chips 9 into the collection float171 of the dealer chip tray 17, the collection confirmation part 1792 ofthe dealer chip tray 17 acquires reading information from the RFIDreader 176 to ascertain the collected amount of the chips 9 stored inthe collection float 171, and compares the collected amount with thecalculated collected amount notified from the table management controldevice 50, thereby confirming whether or not the collected amount (thenumber of chips by value) is correct (Step S173). The RFID reader 176reads the chips 9 to acquire information about the number of chips byvalue as the reading information, and the table management controldevice 50 also calculates the collected amount as the number of chips byvalue. Thus, it is determined whether or not the numbers of chips byvalue coincide with each other by comparison.

Also, at this time, the authenticity determination part 1793 determineswhether or not the number of chips 9 recognized by the RFID reader 176coincides with the number of chips 9 detected by the optical sensor 178,thereby making authenticity determination about the collected chips 9(Step S174). If an unfair chip 9 including no RFID tag is collected fromthe player P, the optical sensor 178 detects the unfair chip 9, but theRFID reader 176 does not detect the unfair chip 9. As a result,noncoincidence occurs, enabling detection of the unfair chip 9.

According to the results of the confirmation of the collected amount andthe authenticity determination, the collection confirmation part 1792and the authenticity determination part 1793 turn on the collectionconfirmation lamp 174 (Step S175). Specifically, the dealer chip tray 17turns on the collection confirmation lamp 174 in green, when thecollected amount detected by the RFID reader 176 coincides with thecalculated collected amount acquired from the table management controldevice 50 and the collected chips 9 are authentic. On the contrary, thedealer chip tray 17 flashes the collection confirmation lamp 174 inyellow when the collected amount detected by the RFID reader 176 doesnot coincide with the calculated collected amount acquired from thetable management control device 50, or the unfair chip 9 is present.

The dealer D confirms that the collection confirmation lamp 174 isturned on in green (Step S10), and pays the chips 9 to the winningplayers (Step S12). The table management control device 50 calculatesthe paid amount of the chips 9 based on the game result determined bythe card shoe 3 and the recognized bet information (Step S505). Thetable management control device 50 notifies the calculated paid amountto the dealer chip tray 17. The paid amount is also calculated asinformation about the number of chips by value.

When the dealer D pays the chips 9 onto the game table 4 from the dealerchip tray 17, the dealer chip tray 17 finds the paid amount of the chips9 stored in the dealer chip tray 17 by using the RFID reader 176, andcompares the payed amount with the calculated paid amount notified fromthe table management control device 50, thereby confirming whether ornot the paid amount is correct (Step S176). Using the RFID reader 176,the paid amount is acquired as information about the number of chips byvalue.

Here, the confirmation of the paid amount in the dealer chip tray 17 isdescribed. At the start of the game, the dealer chip tray 17 confirmsthe total amount in the dealer chip tray 17 (Step S171). Then, thedealer chip tray 17 receives the calculated collected amount and thepaid amount from the table management control device 50 (Steps S504,S505). An increase/decrease amount is calculated from the collectedamount and the paid amount. By adding the calculated increase/decreaseamount to the total amount of the chips 9 in the dealer chip tray 17 atthe start of the game, which is confirmed in Step S171, the total amountof the chips 9 to be stored in the dealer chip tray 17 after thesettlement is calculated. Also, in this case, the total amount of thechips 9 is acquired as information about the number of chips by value.

If the calculated total amount coincides with the total amount of thechips 9 read by the RFID reader 176 after the payment, it is determinedthat the collection and the payment have been correctly performed. It isdetermined that the collection has been correctly performed in StepS173, which means that the payment has been correctly performed. Thus,the payment confirmation part 1794 of the dealer chip tray 17 comparesthe calculated total amount of the chips 9 (the number of chips byvalue) to be stored in the dealer chip tray 17 after the settlement(acquired from the table management control device 50) with the totalamount of the chips 9 (the number of chips by value) read by the RFIDreader 176, to determine whether or not the paid amount is correct (StepS176).

In place of this, payment may be confirmed according to a followingmanner. That is, after it is determined that the collection has beencorrectly performed, the RFID reader 176 of the dealer chip tray 17reads the RFID tags of all chips 9 in the dealer chip tray 17 toascertain the actual total amount (the number of chips by value) afterthe collection into the dealer chip tray 17 and before the payment.After the payment, the RFID reader 176 reads the RFID tags of all chips9 in the dealer chip tray 17 again to ascertain the actual total amount(the number of chips by value) in the dealer chip tray 17 after thepayment, thereby finding the amount actually paid from the dealer chiptray 17. The actual paid amount may be compared with the paid amountcalculated by the table management control device 50 to confirm that thepayment has been correctly performed.

According to the confirmation result of the paid amount, the dealer chiptray 17 turns on the payment confirmation lamp 175 (Step S177).Specifically, if the actual paid amount coincides with the calculatedpaid amount, the dealer chip tray 17 turns on the payment confirmationlamp 175 in green, and if the actual paid amount does not coincide withthe calculated paid amount, the dealer chip tray 17 flashes the paymentconfirmation lamp 175 in yellow. The dealer confirms that the paymentconfirmation lamp 175 is turned on in green (Step S12), and finishes thegame.

In this embodiment, the confirmation part 179 is provided in the dealerchip tray 17. However, some or all functions of the confirmation part179 may be provided in the table management control device 50. In thiscase, after the table management control device 50 causes theconfirmation part 179 to execute the above-mentioned processing, thetable management control device 50 issues an instruction of turning-on,flashing, or turning-off to each of the bet confirmation lamp 173, thecollection confirmation lamp 174, and the payment confirmation lamp 175of the dealer chip tray 17.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a monitor screen representing acomparison result between the bet information at the start of the gameand the bet information at the end of the game. In an upper side of thescreen, the bet information is displayed in the form of table, and in alower side thereof, information about the dealer chip tray 17 isdisplayed. The bet information indicates how many chips 9 of what valueare bet on which bet target at each player position. In the exampleillustrated in FIG. 14, at the No. 3 player position, four 10000-dollarchips are bet on BANKER, and at the No. 6 player position, three1000-dollar chips are bet on PLAYER. Such situation may be ascertainedby recognizing the image from the camera 2 in the measurement device 21as described above.

In the lower side, “(1) 1st Card” indicates the number of the chips 9stored in the dealer chip tray 17 at the start of the game (at drawingof the first card) by value. “(2) Game Result” indicates the balancecorresponding to the game result of the number of the chips 9 by value.In this example, after the settlement of the game, 10000-dollar chipdecreases by four- and 1000-dollar chip increases by three from thedealer chip tray 17.

“(3) Calculated” indicates the number of chips 9 stored in the dealerchip tray 17 by value, as a result of the calculation of the (2) balancewith respect to (1), that is, after the settlement. “(4) Discard”indicates the number of chips 9 actually stored in the dealer chip tray17, which is read by the RFID reader 176, using discard of the card intoa discard box as a trigger. “(5) Judgement” indicates a comparisonresult between (3) and (4). That is, (5) Judgement indicates thecomparison result between the number of chips 9 calculated in (3) andthe number of actual chips 9 read by the RFID reader 176 in (4).

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a monitor screen in the case of latebetting. In the example illustrated in FIG. 15, the number of1000-dollar chips bet on BANKER at the No. 2 player position was four atthe start of the game, and increases to five at the end of the game.This difference is displayed as “Difference” at the bottom right of themonitor screen. In the bet information table displayed in the upperside, the square at which late betting is detected (in the exampleillustrated in FIG. 15, BANKER at the No. 2 player position) ishighlighted.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a monitor screen in the case ofunbetting. In the example illustrated in FIG. 16, the number of1000-dollar chips bet on PLAYER at the No. 6 player position was threeat the start of the game, and decreases to two at the end of the game.This difference is displayed as “Difference” at the bottom right of themonitor screen. In the bet information table displayed in the upperside, the square at which unbetting is detected (in the exampleillustrated in FIG. 16, PLAYER at the No. 6 player position) ishighlighted.

The monitor screens as illustrated in FIG. 14, FIG. 15, and FIG. 16 arenot necessarily generated, or may be only generated and saved withoutbeing displayed. The monitor screens as described above may be displayedaccording to particular instructions of the guard. Alternatively, themonitor screen may be generated at the detection of abnormality such asthe above-mentioned late betting or unbetting, and displayed and/orsaved.

As described above, in the game table system in this embodiment, varioussensing technologies and image recognition technologies are used todetect unfair practices at each stage of the game. In the managementsystem including the game table system and a plurality of game tablesystems in this embodiment, results of such sensing and imagerecognition are used to detect unfair practices in each game, and alsoused as casino management information. The casino management informationincludes higher level of detection of unfair practices that cannot bedetected in individual games. For this reason, the table managementcontrol device 50 in each game table system is connected to the overallmanagement device 60, and transmits various information to the overallmanagement device 60.

FIG. 17 is a view illustrating an example of the configuration of thecasino play hall. The plurality of game tables 4 are installed in thecasino play hall. In the example illustrated in FIG. 17, four gametables 4 are provided. The game tables 4 in FIG. 17 are tables for thebaccara. The case of playing the baccara at the game tables will bedescribed below.

The four game tables have two types of table face layouts (hereinafterreferred to as merely “layout”). In the game table 4A of the first typeof layout (Type-a), seven player positions (player positions 1, 2, 3, 5,6, 7, and 8) for seven persons are prepared and in the game table 4B ofthe second type of layout (Type-b), five player positions (playerpositions 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6) for five persons are prepared.

On the game table 4A of the first type, bet areas for PLAYER (player),BANKER (banker), TIE (tie), PLAYER PAIR (player pair), and BANKER PAIR(banker pair) are provided as bet targets at positions corresponding tothe player positions. On game table 4B of the second type, bet areas foronly PLAYER (player) and BANKER (banker) are provided at positionscorresponding to the player positions, and bet areas for TIE (tie),PLAYER PAIR (player pair), BANKER PAIR (banker pair) are collectivelydisposed.

FIG. 18 is a view illustrating the configuration of a game recordgenerated for each game. The game record is generated in the tablemanagement control device 50, and is transmitted to the overallmanagement device 60 at an appropriate timing. The game record includesinformation about “date and time”, “table ID”, “layout”, “minimum betamount”, “dealer ID”, “bet period”, “gaming period”, “chip collectionperiod”, “chip payment period”, “game result”, “dealer chip amount atstart”, “dealer chip amount after settlement”, and “verificationresult”.

The “date and time” refers to the date and time at the start of thegame. In addition to or in place of the date and time at start of thegame, the date and time at the end of the game may be recorded as the“date and time”. The “table ID” is an ID that is unique to each table.The table can be identified according to the table ID. The “layout”refers to the type of the layout on the table face. In the example inFIG. 17, two types of layouts (Type-a and Type-b) are illustrated, andthe “layout” indicates either of the type.

The “minimum bet amount” is the lowest bet amount (minimum bet amount)set in the game. The players participating in the game must bet the chipwith the amount that is equal to or larger than the minimum bet amount.The minimum bet amount may be appropriately changed at any timingbetween games. In addition to the minimum bet amount, the highest betamount (maximum bet amount) in one game on the game table 4 may be setand recorded.

The “dealer ID” is an ID that identifies the dealer D in charge of thedealing on the concerned game table 4. Each dealer D has a dealer cardincluding an IC tag that records the dealer ID therein. When the dealerD is seated at the game table 4, the IC tag of the dealer card may beread by the reader/writer 5, and the dealer ID read by the reader/writer5 may be outputted to the table management control device 50.Alternatively, the table management control device 50 may have an inputdevice, and the dealer D seated at the game table 4 may input the owndealer ID by using the input device.

The “bet period” refers to a period from the start of bet to the end ofbet. When the dealer chip tray 17 determines that the payment in theprevious game has been normally finished, the table management controldevice 50 recognizes the start of bet. When the card shoe 3 detects thedrawing of the first card, the table management control device 50recognizes the end of bet. Since the card shoe 3 records the time whenthe first card is drawn, and notifies the time to the table managementcontrol device 50, the table management control device 50 ascertains thebet end time based on the notification.

The game table 4 may be provided with a discard box for discarding usedcards, and the discard box may be provided with a sensor. In this case,when the sensor detects discarding of the card, the table managementcontrol device 50 may recognize the start of bet (in the next game). Thecard shoe 3 may be provided with an operating means for instructing thestart of bet, and the dealer may operate the operating means immediatelybefore the start of bet. In this case, when the operation of theoperating means is detected, the table management control device 50 mayrecognize the start of bet. Further, the table management control device50 may recognize an image from the camera 2, thereby detecting the betchip 9 to recognize the start of bet.

The “gaming period” refers to a period from the time when the dealer Ddraws the first card from the card shoe 3 to the time when the dealer Dpresses the standby button 33. That is, after the final card is drawnfrom the card shoe 3, the players P performs squeeze to open all cards,establishing the game result on the game table 4, and accordingly, thedealer D presses the standby button 33. The period is included in thegaming period.

The “chip collection period” refers to a period from the end of the gameto the end of the collection of the chips 9 from the losing player P. Asdescribed above, the time when the dealer D presses the standby button33 immediately after the establishment of the game result is defined asthe game end time. The table management control device 50 sets the timewhen the confirmation of the collection is notified from the dealer chiptray 17 to the collection end time.

The “chip payment period” refers to a period from the end of thecollection of the chips 9 from the losing players P to the payment ofthe chips 9 to the winning players P. The table management controldevice 50 sets the time when the dealer chip tray 17 notifies theconfirmation of the payment to the payment end time. Alternatively, thetable management control device 50 may analyze an image from the camera2 to ascertain the chip collection period and the chip payment period.Alternatively, the time when discarding of the card into the discard boxmay be defined as the “chip payment period”.

The “game result” refers to PLAYER, BANKER, or TIE, and presence/absenceof PLAYER PAIR and BANKER PAIR. As described above, the game result isascertained by reading the rank and suit of the card drawn from the cardshoe 3, and the table management control device 50 receives informationabout the game result from the card shoe 3.

The “dealer chip amount at start” refers to the total amount of thechips 9 stored in the dealer chip tray 17 at the start of the game, isascertained in the dealer chip tray 17 in Step S171 in FIG. 13, and isnotified to the table management control device 50. The “dealer chipamount after settlement” refers to the total amount of the chips 9stored in the dealer chip tray 17 after the settlement of the game,which is ascertained in Step S176 in FIG. 13, and is notified to thetable management control device 50.

The “verification result” refers to a verification result indicatingwhether or not the theoretical dealer chip amount after settlementcoincides with the actual dealer chip amount after settlement, which isexpressed by OK or NG. The table management control device 50 calculatesthe actual total amount of the chips 9 in the dealer chip tray 17 afterthe settlement, which is read in the dealer chip tray 17 (theabove-mentioned “dealer chip amount after settlement”), and thetheoretical total amount in the dealer chip tray 17 after the settlement(theoretical dealer chip amount after settlement). The theoretical totalamount is acquired by calculating the theoretical balance based on thegame result ascertained by reading the cards by the card shoe 3, andadding the balance to the total amount of the chips 9 in the dealer chiptray 17 at the actual start, which is read in the dealer chip tray 17(the above-mentioned “dealer chip amount at start”). The tablemanagement control device compares them (corresponding to Step S176 inFIG. 13).

The table management control device 50 compares the theoretical dealerchip amount after settlement with the actual dealer chip amount aftersettlement in each game. The verification result is “OK” if theycoincide with each other, and is “NG” if they do not coincide with eachother.

The game record further includes “member ID”, “bet amount”, “bettarget”, “payment (−)/collection (+)”, “sales”, and “net profit” foreach “player position”. As illustrated in FIG. 1, numbers are assignedas the “player positions” to respective player positions of the table.The players P are previously registered as members. The players Pregistered as members each have the member ID and the member card 1 thatstores the member ID. The member card 1 records the member ID and theacquired points therein.

The “bet amount” is the bet amount for each player position, and isrepresented as the number of chips 9 by value for each player position.Additionally or alternatively, as information about the “bet amount” maybe represented for each stack of the chips 9 at the time when the camera2 and the measurement device 21 recognize the image. In this case, the“bet amount” includes information about the number of stacks, and thevalue and the number of the chips 9 for each stack and each playerposition.

The “payment (−)/collection (+)” refers to the amount of payment orcollection for each player position. The table management control device50 records the amount payed from the dealer D with the − sign apart fromthe bet amount for the winning players P, and records the bet amountwith the + sign for the losing players P, as the “payment (−)/collection(+)”.

The “sales” refers to the total bet amount acquired by summing the betamounts of all players P. The table management control device 50 sumsthe bet amounts of all players P to calculate the “sales”, and recordsthe sales. The “net profit” refers the amount acquired by summing thepaid amount (−) and the collected amount (+) of all players in theconcerned game, which is the profit of the game organizer (house) in theconcerned game. The table management control device 50 sums the paidamount and the collected amount of all players P to calculate the “netprofit”, and records the net profit. The sales (the total bet amount) isrecorded as the number of chips 9 by value.

As described above, the table management control device 50 outputs thenet profit (Y) that is the winning or losing amount for the gameorganizer, and the total bet amount (sales) (B) that is the total amountof the chips 9 placed by the players P, for each game table 4. Inparticular, the camera 2 and the measurement device 21 detect the totalbet amount (B) at each player position of the game table 4, and thetable management control device 50 outputs the total bet amount (B) foreach player P and each player position as the game record.

The table management control device 50 generates the above-mentionedgame record in each game. The table management control device 50 at eachgame table 4 is connected to the overall management device 60, and thegame record generated in the table management control device 50 istransmitted from the table management control device 50 to the overallmanagement device 60. The table management control device 50 iscommunicably connected to the overall management device 60 in a wired orwireless manner. The overall management device 60 collects the gamerecords from the plurality of table management control device 50, andexecutes following processing.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the overallmanagement device. The overall management device 60 includes anarithmetic device 61, a recording device 62, and a communication device63. The arithmetic device 61 includes a sales balance management part611, a loss management part 612, an operation management part 613, alayout management part 614, a point management part 615, a minimum betmanagement part 616, and a dealer chip management part 617.

The overall management device 60 is a computer including a processor anda memory, and the arithmetic device 61 operates according to amanagement control program in this embodiment to constitute the salesbalance management part 611, the loss management part 612, the operationmanagement part 613, the layout management part 614, the pointmanagement part 615, the minimum bet management part 616, and the dealerchip management part 617. The overall management device 60 furtherincludes a recording device such as a hard disc. The overall managementdevice 60 has a communication function for communicating with the tablemanagement control device 50.

FIG. 21 is an exemplified sales table generated by the sales balancemanagement part 611 of the overall management device 60. That is, FIG.20 is a table indicating the amount of the chips 9 stored in the dealerchip tray 17 for each game table 4, that is, the situation of the stockof the chips 9 owned by the casino. The sales balance management part611 calculates sales for each game table 4 every predetermined period(for example, every hour, every 24 hours). The sales described hereinrefers to the amount bet by the players (bet amount).

The sales balance management part 611 manages the sales of the house ina predetermined period in terms of the value and number of the chips 9bet at each game table 4, and the total sales amount at each game table4. The sales balance management part 611 also manages the sales in thehouse in the predetermined period in terms of the number of chips 9 byvalue of the chips 9. Further, the sales balance management part 611manages the sales in the house in the predetermined period in terms ofthe total sales amount at all of the game tables 4. The sales tableindicates the numeric values managed by the sales balance managementpart 611.

FIG. 21 is an exemplified gross profit table generated by the salesbalance management part 611 of the overall management device 60. Thesales balance management part 611 manages the gross profit (income) foreach game table 4 every predetermined period (for example, every hour,every 24 hours). The gross profit described herein is the amount foundby subtracting the payed amount of the chips 9 at the settlement fromthe collected amount of the chips 9 at the settlement, which is anincome of the house. The ratio of the gross profit to the sales (salesprofit ratio) becomes the gross profit ratio.

The sales balance management part 611 manages the income (gross profit)of the house in a predetermined period at each game table 4. The salesbalance management part 611 also manages the total gross profit at allof the game table 4 in the predetermined period. Further, the salesbalance management part 611 manages the gross profit ratio for each gametable 4 and the total gross profit ratio at all game tables 4 in thepredetermined period. The gross profit table indicates the numericvalues managed by the sales balance management part 611, along with thesales at each game table 4 and the total sales at all game tables 4.

As described above, the overall management device 60 manages the salesand the gross profit ratio. The income of the house is acquired bysubtracting a loss caused by unfair practices or mistakes from a productof the sales and the gross profit ratio. That is, a following equation(1) holds:

income=sales×gross profit ratio−loss   (1)

Thus, the game organizer can increase the income (gross profit) byincreasing the sales and the gross profit ratio, and decreasing theloss. The decrease in the loss caused by mistakes or unfair practicesmay be achieved by the above-mentioned table system including varioussensors. Processing of increasing the sales and the gross profit ratiowill be described below.

It is difficult to utilize only the information about the sales and thegross profit ratio to increase the sales and the gross profit ratio inspecific management measures. Therefore, the overall management device60 breaks down the sales and the gross profit ratio into a plurality ofelements, and calculates useful information for improvement of theelements.

The sales are expressed as a product of the number of dealings and theunit price of the bet amount (hereinafter referred to as “bet unitprice”). That is, a following equation (2) holds:

sales=the number of dealings×bet unit price   (2)

Here, the number of dealings refers to play of one player P in one game.For example, if three players P play at one game table 4, the number ofdealings in one game is three, and if two players P play at each ofthree game tables 4, the number of dealings in one game is 2×3=6. Thebet unit price refers to average bet amount (sales) of each player P inone game (one dealing). That is, to increase the sales, the number ofdealings and the bet unit price may be increased.

The number of dealings is expressed as a product of the number ofplayers (the number of guests) and a turnover ratio. That is, afollowing equation (3) holds:

the number of dealings=the number of players×turnover ratio   (3)

The number of players described herein refers to the number of playersparticipating in the game (betting), and the turnover ratio refers to areciprocal of time required for one game (that is, progress speed of thegame). Thus, to increase the number of dealings, the number of playersparticipating in the game and the turnover ratio of the game may beincreased.

If the game result coincides with the theoretical probability, the grossprofit ratio becomes a deduction ratio (house edge). Accordingly, thegross profit ratio is expressed as a product of a leading ratio and adeduction ratio, and a following equation (4) holds:

gross profit ratio=leading ratio×deduction ratio   (4)

The leading ratio described herein refers to a ratio indicating how thehouse leads a theoretical winning percentage of the house. The leadingratio becomes 1 if the winning percentage of the house coincides withthe theoretical winning percentage, the leading ratio becomes largerthan 1 if the winning percentage of the house is larger than thetheoretical winning percentage, and the leading ratio becomes smallerthan 1 if the winning percentage of the house is smaller than thetheoretical winning percentage. The leading ratio becomes 1 if thewinning percentage of the player P coincides with the theoreticalwinning percentage derived from the rules of the game, the leading ratiobecomes smaller than 1 if the winning percentage of the player P islarger than the theoretical winning percentage, and the leading ratiobecomes larger than 1 if the winning percentage of the player P issmaller than the theoretical winning percentage.

The deduction ratio is a ratio of a commission collected by the house tothe bet amount, and is determined according to game rules includingsetting of odds. The deduction ratio is set such that the house canreceive a profit of, for example, 1 to 3% if the leading ratio is 1,that is, the game result coincides with the theoretical result. Forexample, in a game that predicts pips of a die, the winning percentageof the players is ⅙. However, by setting the odd to 5.9 times ratherthan 6 times, the deduction ratio of about 1.7% is set.

The deduction ratio may have different values according to the type oflayout or the bet area of the game table 4. For example, in the baccara,the deduction ratios of TIE and PAIR are different from the deductionratios of BANKER and PLAYER, and in the roulette, the deduction ratiosof “0” and “00” is different from the deduction ratios of other red orblack numerals.

From the above-mentioned equations (1) to (4), the income (gross profit)of the house can be broken down into a plurality of elements asexpressed in a following equation (5):

income=the number of players×turnover ratio×bet unit price×leadingratio×deduction ratio−loss   (5)

First, the structure of the income can be roughly analyzed by breakingdown the elements according to the equation (1). For example, if theincome (gross profit) is 10,000 dollars, it can be understood that theprofit is 1% of sales of 1,000,000 dollars, 10% of 100,000 dollars, or0.1% of 10,000,000 dollars. Then, the sales balance management part 611compares the gross profit ratio with a predetermined reference grossprofit ratio (for example, 2%) or a reference gross profit ratio range(for example, 1 to 3%), and generates an alarm if the gross profit ratiois excessively low (for example, 1% or less) and is excessively high(for example, 3% or more).

As expressed by the equation (4), the gross profit ratio can be brokendown into the leading ratio and the deduction ratio. However, since thededuction ratio is set by the game organizer, if the gross profit ratiois excessively high or low, it is deemed that the leading ratio isexcessively high or low. Thus, if the gross profit ratio is excessivelyhigh or low, it is doubtful that the players P or the dealer D makes anunfair practice of manipulating the leading ratio.

Thus, the sales balance management part 611 calculates the gross profitratio in a predetermined period for each players P, each dealer D, andeach game table 4. If the gross profit ratio is excessively low or high,an alert is generated. The generated alert may be notified to acommunication account (for example, E-mail address) of the gameorganizer, or may be recorded in a recording part 62.

The sales balance management part 611 analyzes the game record acquiredfrom each of the table management control devices 50 to generatestatistics of the number of games, the number of players, and the betunit price in a predetermined period. If the sales are not ideal, thegame organizer can recognize whether or not there is a room forimprovement in any of the number of games, the number of players, andthe bet unit price. Further, if an action for improving the number ofgames, the number of players, or the bet unit price is made, the gameorganizer can monitor the transition of the number of games, the numberof players, and the bet unit price to verify whether or not theimprovement action is effectively achieved.

The sales balance management part 611 calculates and outputs the salesprofit ratio (X), which is the ratio of the net profit (Y) that is thewinning or losing amount for the game organizer to the total bet amount(sales) (B) that is the total amount of the chips 9 placed by theplayers P. The sales balance management part 611 compares the salesprofit ratio (X) with the theoretical profit ratio or previous averageprofit ratio, and outputs a comparison result. The sales balancemanagement part 611 calculates the sales profit ratio (X) for each gametable 4, each player P, each player position, or each dealer D in eachpredetermined period or game, and outputs the sales profit ratio asnecessary.

The sales balance management part 611 ascertains the relation betweenthe number of games and time taken for the number of games (bet period+gaming period +chip collection period +chip payment period). The salesbalance management part 611 calculates the total bet amount (B), thewinning or losing amount for the game organizer (Y), and/or the salesprofit ratio (X) per predetermined number of games for each player P, oreach game table 4, and/or each dealer D in charge of each game table 4,and outputs it as necessary.

The sales balance management part 611 records 1) the bet amount ofindividual game played at the game table 4 (B), 2) the win-loss result(W&L) of the individual game played at the game table 4, and 3) thegross profit ratio (R %) according to rules of the game played at thegame table in the recording device 62. Then, using the information 1) to3) in each game and/or the information 1) to 3) in a predetermined timeor period, the sales balance management part 611 calculates a followingequation (6):

Y=Σ(B×W&L×R%)   (6),

and outputs the gross profit (Y).

Here, 1) the bet amount (B) of individual game played at the game table4 is sales in each game. 2) The win-loss result (W&L) of individual gameplayed at the game table 4 is synonymous with the above-mentionedleading ratio. The win-loss result (W&L) becomes +1 if the casino sidewins (chips are collected), and becomes −1 if the casino side loses(chips are paid). 3) The gross profit ratio (R %) according to rules ofindividual game played at the game table is synonymous with theabove-mentioned deduction ratio, and is determined according to the gamerules including setting of odds. If the player bets BANKER or PLAYER,the gross profit ratio becomes 100% (that is, when the player wins, theplayer receives the same payment as the bet amount, and when the playerloses, the entire bet amount is collected). If the player bets PAIR, thegross profit ratio becomes 800% when the player wins, and becomes 100%when the dealer wins (that is, when the player, the player receives apayment that is eight times of the bet amount, and when the playerloses, the entire bet amount is collected).

If the gross profit ratio varies according to the type of layout or thebet area (bet target) of the game table 4 (for example, the odds of TIEor PAIR are increased), the sales balance management part 611 adopts thedifferent gross profit ratio (R1%, R2%, . . . ) to calculate the grossprofit (Y). If different gross profit ratio is set according to the typeof layout or bet area (bet target) of the game table 4, the salesbalance management part 611 outputs the distribution state of the totalbet amount (TB) of the game and/or the bet amount (B) of the game foreach type of layout or bet area (bet target) of the different grossprofit ratio (R1%, R2%, . . . ). This can ascertain, for example, onlythe bet amount for TIE.

Further, if the different gross profit ratio is set according to thetype of layout or bet area (bet target) of the game table 4, the salesbalance management part 611 outputs the distribution state of the totalbet amount (TB) of the game and/or the bet amount (B) of the game foreach type of layout or bet area (bet target), and for each gross profitratio (R1%, R2%, . . . ). This can ascertain, for example, the betamount for the bet target having an excessively high gross profit ratio.

Further, if the different gross profit ratio is set according to thetype of layout or bet area of the game table 4, the sales balancemanagement part 611 compares the gross profits (Y) or total gross profitratios (R %) of four game tables 4 each having the type of layout or betarea (bet target) of the different gross profit ratio (R1%, R2%, . . .). This can compare the gross profit ratios of the tables with eachother.

The loss management part 612 detects unfair practices or mistakes bystatistically analyzing records of a plurality of games at the pluralityof game tables 4 rather than detecting unfair practices or mistakes ineach game. The loss management part 612 counts the number of times ofnoncoincidence detection of detecting whether or not theincrease/decrease amount in the total amount of the chips 9 in thedealer chip tray 17 coincides with the winning or losing amount for thegame organizer (Y), and outputs the count. The noncoincidence can bedetected when the “verification result” of the game record (see FIG. 18)is NG. The loss management part 612 records the count for each gametable 4, each dealer, and each player in the recording device 62. Thus,if there is the game table 4, dealer D, or player P having a high count,further examination can be made to find the unfair practice.

The loss management part 612 compares the increase/decrease amount inthe total amount of the chips 9 in the dealer chip tray 17 with thewinning or losing amount for the game organizer (Y). When there isnoncoincidence, the loss management part 612 counts a noncoincidenceamount (L) and outputs the count. The loss management part 612 cancompare a difference between the “dealer chip amount at start” and the“dealer chip amount after settlement” with the “net profit” in the gamerecord to calculate the noncoincidence amount (L). The loss managementpart 612 records the counts for each game table 4, each dealer D incharge of each game table 4, and each player P in the recording device62. The loss management part 612 periodically refers to the recordingdevice 62, ascertains the accumulated noncoincidence amount (L), andoutputs the accumulated noncoincidence amount. Thus, if there is thegame table 4, dealer D, or player P that has a high count, furtherexamination can be made to find an unfair practice.

The loss management part 612 compares the increase/decrease amount inthe total amount of the chips 9 in the dealer chip tray 17 with thewinning or losing amount for the game organizer (Y), counts thenoncoincidence amount (loss amount) (L), corrects the equation (6) to afollowing equation (7), and outputs a gross profit (Y′):

Y′=Σ(B×W&L×R%L)   (7)

Thereby, the gross profit can be calculated in consideration of the lossamount (L).

Further, at completion of a predetermined number of games, the lossmanagement part 612 compares results of the actual winning percentageand the total amount of the gross profit (Y) with numerals calculated byprobability and statistics or numerals based on previous accumulateddata for each player P, each dealer D in charge of each game table 4,and each game table 4 to determine whether or not there is a significantdifference between them, identifying the player P, the dealer D, and thegame table 4 that cause the significant difference. Thereby, based onthe comparison with the numerals calculated by probability andstatistics or the numerals based on previous accumulated data, theplayer P or the dealer D who wins or loses too much can be found, andeven the unfair practices that cannot be detected at the game table 4can be found.

When detecting the significant difference, the loss management part 612records the bet chip amount at the bet areas (bet positions) having thedifferent gross profit ratios (R %) at each game table 4 in therecording device 62, and identifies whether or not a cause for thesignificant difference in a series of games is related to the bet area(bet position) (for example, “TIE” in the baccara) having the differentgross profit ratio (R %). Thus, for example, the player P who wins atypical number of times, but when wins, bets on the bet target having ahigh ratio at all times, thereby finding the unfair practice.

The loss management part 612 can ascertain purchase information aboutthe purchase of the chips 9 by each player P for each type of chips 9.For example, the purchase information can be acquired from a deviceprovided at a casher for purchasing the chips 9, and when the playerspurchase the chips 9 at the game table 4, the purchase information maybe acquired by image recognition using the camera 2 and the measurementdevice 21. The purchase information includes the number of purchasedchips 9 by value and purchase date and time.

The loss management part 612 ascertains the purchase information of thechips 9 by the players P in a predetermined time or period, associatesthe bet amount, the winning amount, or the losing amount of each playerP with the purchase information, records them in the recording device62, and outputs the purchase information as necessary. This can detect adoubt about money laundering in collusion between the player P and thedealer D.

The operation management part 613 calculates the number of games and thenumber of players in a predetermined period for each dealer D. Ingeneral, as the number of players is larger, the collection and thepayment of the chips 9 take more time, such that the turnover ratio(that is, the number of games per unit time) does not increase. When theturnover ratio is large irrespective of a large number of players, thedealer D is smoothly operating the game. Conversely, when the turnoverratio is small irrespective of a small number of players, the dealer Dis slowly operating the game.

Accordingly, the operation management part 613 extracts the dealer D whohas turnover ratio×the number of players (that is, the number ofdealings in a predetermined period) which is less than a predeterminedthreshold. The game organizer causes the extracted dealer D to improvethe operation so as to progress the game faster, thereby increasingsales.

The operation management part 613 creates statistics of the bet period,the gaming period, the chip collection period, and the chip paymentperiod for each dealer D. For each dealer D, the turnover ratio isdesirably large. Thus, to find a cause for a small turnover ratio, it iseffective to analyze which of the bet period, the chip collectionperiod, the chip payment period, and the gaming period is large. Thelength of the bet period largely depends on the betting of the playersP, and cannot be controlled by the dealer D so much. On the contrary,the length of the chip settlement period largely depends on the dealer'soperation and can be decreased by efforts of the dealer D. The length ofthe gaming period depends on the behavior of both the players P and thedealer D (For example, squeeze of the players P in the baccara affectsthe gaming period). The gaming period further can be divided into adealing period by the dealer D and a squeezing period by the player P.

Thus, the operation management part 613 calculates the chip collectionperiod/the number of players, and the chip payment period/the number ofplayers for each game record. Then, the operation management part 613calculates an average of the bet periods, an average of the chipcollection period/the number of players, an average of the chip paymentperiod/the number of players, and an average of the gaming periods of aplurality of game records for each dealer D, and extracts the dealer Dhaving the average more than a predetermined threshold and the dealer Dhaving the average less than a predetermined threshold. Using thestatistical data, the game organizer can give necessary guidance to suchdealers D.

The operation management part 613 ascertains the dealer in charge ofeach game table 4 based on the game record transmitted from the tablemanagement control device 50, and detects at least one of followingperiods: 1) bet period, 2) chip collection period, 3) chip paymentperiod, 4) gaming period, for each dealer, and stores the detectedperiod in the recording device 62.

The operation management part 613 ascertains the bet positions (bettargets) and/or the number of stacks of the chips 9 placed at the gametable 4 by the game participants, or the number of chips 9 in eachstack, and outputs it in association with the number of games and timetaken to play the number of games. The operation management part 613ascertains the number of players at the game table 4, associates it withthe number of games and time taken to play the number of games, andoutputs them. Here, the time taken to play the games may be a sum of thebet period, the gaming period, the chip collection period, and the chippayment period of the number of games, may be a sum of the chipcollection period and the chip payment period (chip settlement period)of each game, or may be the chip collection period or the chip paymentperiod.

The layout management part 614 calculates the gross profit ratio in apredetermined period for each type of layout. By examining the grossprofit ratio, it can be recognized which layout can increase the grossprofit ratio. The layout management part 614 finds the bet amount foreach bet target. By analyzing the bet amount on each bet target of eachlayout, it can be determined which layout is the most desirable.

The layout management part 614 analyzes whether or not the layoutaffects the sales. Specifically, the layout management part 614calculates the bet unit price/minimum bet amount for each game record,and sums them for each layout. In more detail, the layout managementpart 614 analyzes which bet target (PLAYER, BANKER, TIE, PLAYER PAIR,and BANKER PAIR) has a large number of bets or bet amount for eachlayout to estimate the layout. For example, it is estimated that thelayout having a large bet amount on TIE, PLAYER PAIR and BANKER PAIRcontributes to an increase in sales.

As described above, as the number of players and bet unit price islarger, the sales in the house increases. Since the number of playersand the bet unit price cannot be directly increased by giving a guidanceto the dealer, it is effective to make approaches to the players. Theapproaches to the players increase the provision of points and thesetting of the minimum bet amount. The approaches will be describedbelow.

The point management part 615 provides points and benefits correspondingto the points to the players P that are members. The players P canconvert the points into various benefits according to the number of thepoints. The point management part 615 can efficiently setting thebenefits to increase the number of players and the bet unit price.

The recording part 62 stores owned points of each member. When providingpoints to the member, the management part 615 notifies the providedpoints to the table management control device 50, and updates the ownedpoints of the concerned member, which are stored in the recording part62. The table management control device 50 adds the points provided inthe overall management device 60 to the owned points of the concernedplayer P, and updates the owned points. The reader/writer 5 records theupdated owned points in the member card 1 of the concerned player P.

The point management part 615 provides points corresponding to the betamount of the player P. Alternatively, the point management part 615 mayascertain the number of games in which each player P participates in apredetermined time or period, and provide points or status to the playerP under a predetermined condition. If a value acquired by subtractingthe loss amount from the total profit of the game organizer is positive,the game organizer makes a profit, and if the acquired value isnegative, the game organizer suffers a loss. The value acquired bysubtracting the loss amount from the total profit of the game organizeris referred to as the net profit of the game organizer, and the gameorganizer's cost related to the benefit provided to the members isdesirably determined according to the net profit.

According to the net profit, the point management part 615 adjusts theratio of the provided points to the bet amount of the players P, and therelation between the benefit and consumed points. The point managementpart 615 adjusts the ratio of the provided points to the bet amount ofthe players, and the relation between the benefit and the consumedpoints so as to increase the number of players and the bet unit price asa temporary campaign promotion. The ratio of the provided points to thebet amount of the players, and the relation between the benefit and theconsumed points are recorded in the recording part 62.

The point management part 615 records at least one of followinginformation: 1) the number of visits to the concerned play hall, 2) thenumber of times of bet, 3) the winning amount, and 4) the losing amountin unit of weeks or months, or a predetermined period for each gameparticipant, in the recording device 62. When the concerned player Penters into the casino play hall, the point management part 615 reads atleast one of the information 1) to 4) from the recording device 62, andoutputs the read information. The visit of a particular player P to theconcerned play hall may be recognized at the entrance to the play hallby ID confirmation using the member card 1, may be recognized at thepurchase of the chips by ID confirmation using the member card 1, or maybe recognized by reading the member card 1 by use of the reader/writer 5at the game table 4.

By the purchase information and the selling information of the chips,and addition/subtraction of the winning amount and the losing amount,the balance of the chips to be owned by the players can be checked at apredetermined timing. Also, at the leaving from the play hall, thebalance at the present time can be ascertained by confirming the ID inthe member card. Further, if the balance of the chips is a predeterminedamount or more, an alert about leaving may be issued.

The members can consume the owned points to receive the benefit orstatus. However, a particular provision condition other than theconsumption of the owned points is set to a certain benefit or status,such that only the players P who satisfy the provision condition canreceive the benefit or status.

The point management part 615 may provide the point or status accordingto the sales, as well as special point or status if the particularprovision condition is satisfied. The particular provision condition maybe the condition that the bet amount, the number of times of bet, thewinning amount, or the losing amount satisfies a predetermined conditionin a predetermined time or period. Here, the predetermined time orperiod may be in unit of days or consecutive days, in unit of months, orin a cumulative (indefinite) period. The point management part 615 mayprovide additional points or status to the members who intensivelyreceive points in a predetermined time or period.

For example, to promote the members who make the net profit of apredetermined amount or more in a predetermined period to stay in thecasino play hall on the next day onward and play the game, it isadvantageous to provide benefits immediately available to the payment ofcharges for hotel services that promote long-term stay (for example,extension of check-out, upgrading of room, and so on in the currentlystayed hotel). Thus, for example, the point management part 615 sets theprovision condition that the net profit of the player in a predeterminedperiod is a predetermined amount or more, with respect to the benefitssuch as extension of check-out and upgrading of room in the currentlystayed hotel.

On the contrary, if the net profit of the players in the predeterminedperiod is the predetermined amount or less, it is advantageous toprovide limited-time chips available after an elapse of a predeterminedperiod, chips that can be bet but cannot be converted into money, and acoupon available in the casino play hall as benefits. Thus, for example,the point management part 615 sets the provision condition that theprofit of the players in the predetermined period is the predeterminedamount or less, with respect to the benefits such as limited-time chipsavailable after an elapse of a predetermined period and the couponavailable in the casino play hall as benefits. As a matter of course,some benefits may be unconditionally acquired only by consuming points.

When the member replaces the owned points with the benefit, the memberuses the member card 1. The point management part 615 acquires a requestto replace points with the benefit, and refers to the recording part 62to determine whether or not the owned points of the concerned member IDsatisfies the consumed points corresponding to the requested benefit,and whether or not the provision condition, if present, is satisfied.

If the owned points are enough and the provision condition is satisfied,the point management part 615 updates the owned points by subtractingthe points corresponding to the benefit from the owned points. The pointmanagement part 615 rewrites the owned points in the recording part 62with the owned points updated with the addition of the benefit.

The benefits can be used in the casino play hall, related hotels, andpredetermined facilities. When the benefits are used in the casino playhall, the benefit may be an access to a VIP room or a gaming chips thatcannot be converted into money. In this case, the point management part615 may grant the access to the VIP room in exchange for a predeterminednumber of points, and may provide the unconvertible gaming chipscorresponding to the number of points if the owned points are apredetermined number or more. When the benefit is used in hotels, thebenefits may be various hotel services.

When providing the benefit corresponding to the owned points to themembers, the point management part 615 may provide the benefit withoutconsuming the points. That is, the status of the members may be set(rated) according to the owned points, and the benefit corresponding tothe status may be provided. Alternatively, the status may be provided inplace of points. In this case, the point management part 615 checks theowned points of the member who attempts to receive the benefit, andprovides the benefit to the member if the owned points are apredetermined value or more. For example, the point management part 615may grant an access to the VIP room to the member having the ownedpoints exceeding a predetermined threshold.

The point management part 615 may output the accumulated bet amount orthe bet amount in a predetermined period for each game participant ascredit information about the concerned game participant.

In addition to or in place of the in the member card, the user may berecognized by face recognition. At the entrance or leaving, at thepurchase or conversion into money at the cage or table, or at thebetting at the table, face recognition may be performed. Further, VIPmember or not, member or non-member, foreigner or native, and collationwith entrance and leaving record may be performed. In addition, forexample, players who previously won in unreliable manner may beregistered to recognize the particular registered player. Referring to adatabase associated with the member card, collation may be made, and ifa member is not present in the database, the member may be newlyregistered in the database.

Based on the game record acquired from the table management controldevice 50, the minimum bet management part 616 determines the minimumbet amount (or a recommended value) for each game table 4. By properlysetting the minimum bet amount of the plurality of game tables 4 in thecasino play hall, the number of games, the number of players, and betunit price can be optimized to increase the sales. That is, in a certaingame table 4, if the player playing at the substantially higher betamount than the minimum bet amount (high-amount player) and the playerplaying at the minimum bet amount or the slightly higher amount than theminimum bet amount (low-amount player) are mixed, the sales in the wholecasino play hall may be sometimes limited.

FIG. 22 is a view for describing such situation. As illustrated in theupper side in FIG. 22, it is assumed that, at a certain game table, theminimum bet amount is set to 1,000 dollars, and one high-amount playerhaving the bet amount of about 10,000 dollars is playing. At this time,the average required time (including the bet period, the chip settlementperiod (the chip collection period+the chip payment period), and thegaming period) in one game is 60 seconds, and the average sales/hour is600,000 dollars.

When three low-amount players with the bet amount of about 1,000 dollarsfurther participate in the game table 4, the total bet amount at thegame table 4 increases to about 13,000 dollars and however, as thenumber of players increases, the average required time of one game alsoincreases. Assuming that the play time increases by 10 seconds with anincrease in one player, the required time of four players in one gamebecomes 90 seconds. As a result, the sales/hour decreases from about600,000 dollars to about 520,000 dollars. As described above, since thehigh-amount player and the low-amount players are mixed at the same gametable, even if the number of players increases, the sales in the housedecreases.

FIG. 23A and FIG. 23B are views for describing another example. Asillustrated in FIG. 23A, the minimum bet amount at one of the two gametables is set to 10,000 dollars, and the minimum bet amount at the othertable is set to 1,000 dollars. The average required time in one game atthe game table for the high-amount player is 70 seconds, and thesales/hour is about 1,030,000 dollars. The average required time in onegame at the game table for the low-amount player is 90 seconds, and thesales/hour is about 160,000 dollars. Thus, the total sales/hour at thetwo game tables becomes about 1,190,000 dollars.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 23B, two high-amount players in FIG.23A are dispersed to separate game tables. That is, there are two gametables to which 1,000 dollars of minimum bet amount is set, and at boththe game tables, one high-amount player with the bet amount of about10,000 dollars and two low-amount players with the bet amount of about1,000 dollars are playing. At this time, the average required time pergame at each game table 4 is 80 seconds, the sales/hour is about 540,000dollars, and the total sales/hour at two game tables 4 is about1,080,000 dollars.

As described above, when the high-amount players are dispersed to theplurality of game table 4, and the high-amount players and thelow-amount players are mixed at each game table 4, the sales in thehouse decreases (in the case illustrated in FIG. 23A and FIG. 23B,1,190,000 dollars decreases to 1,080,000 dollars).

As in the above-mentioned example, since the minimum bet amount is notproperly set and the high-amount players and the low-amount players aremixed at the game table 4, the sales in the house decreases, and for thehigh-amount player, the required time in one game increases, making itdifficult to play comfortably.

Thus, based on the game record transmitted from each table managementcontrol device 50, the minimum bet management part 616 sets the minimumbet amount that is suitable for each game table 4 in the casino playhall.

The minimum bet management part 616 sets the minimum bet amount for eachgame table 4 so as to increase the sales and the gross profit ratio. Theminimum bet management part 616 may set the minimum bet amount for eachgame table 4 so as to increase the number of games per unit time or theaverage value of the total bet amount per game.

The minimum bet management part 616 sets a plurality of stages ofcandidates for the minimum bet amount. In this embodiment, the minimumbet management part 616 prepares five stages of candidates for theminimum bet amount: 100 dollars, 500 dollars, 1,000 dollars, 5,000dollars, and 10,000 dollars. The minimum bet management part 616 selectsone of the candidates for the minimum bet amount. The minimum betmanagement part 616 may set more proper minimum bet amount other thanthe prepared candidates, thereby enabling further classification if thepreviously set candidates for the minimum bet amount are improper.

The overall management device 60 outputs (transmits) the set minimum betamount to the table management control device 50 of the correspondinggame table 4. The table management control device 50 displays theminimum bet amount outputted from the overall management device 60 onthe display 15. When receiving the minimum bet amount from the overallmanagement device 60, the table management control device 50 may displaythe concerned recommended value as it is on the display 15, or maypresent the recommended value to only the dealer once and then, displayit the display 15 according to the determination and operation of thedealer.

Based on information about the number of players, and information aboutthe bet amount that is the minimum amount or information about theaverage bet amount for each player position in the game record, theminimum bet management part 616 selects any of the plurality ofcandidates for the minimum bet amount.

The minimum bet management part 616 ascertains the total bet amount foreach player, for each game table 4 in each game and/or eachpredetermined time, or each predetermined period, and sets the minimumbet amount at each game table 4. In this embodiment, if players who beta higher amount than the current minimum bet amount at the game table 4by a predetermined ratio occupy a predetermined ratio or more, theminimum bet management part 616 increases the minimum bet amount.

Specifically, the minimum bet management part 616 rates the players withthe minimum amount among the bet amounts in the predetermined number ofprevious games (in this embodiment, five games) that is a predeterminedratio (in this embodiment, 150%) of the minimum bet amount or more foreach game table 4 and each player position, as high-amount players. Ifthe high-amount players occupy a predetermined ratio (in thisembodiment, 50%) or more at the game table 4, the minimum bet managementpart 616 sets the minimum bet amount higher than the already-set minimumbet amount at the concerned game table 4.

FIG. 24A and FIG. 24B are tables illustrating examples of setting theminimum bet amount according to the actual bet amount. In the exampleillustrated in FIG. 24A and FIG. 24B, four players participate in thegame, and the minimum bet amount is set to 1,000 dollars.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 24A, the minimum amount of the betamounts of the player 1 in five previous games is 1,000 dollars, theminimum amount of the bet amounts of the player 2 in five previous gamesis 2,000 dollars, the minimum amount of the bet amounts of the player 3in five previous games is 1,500 dollars, and the minimum amount of thebet amounts of the player 4 in five previous games is 1,000 dollars. Inthis case, the minimum bet amount of the player 2 and the player 3 inthe five previous games is equal to or larger than 1,500 dollars that is150% of the current minimum bet amount 1,000 dollars and thus, theplayers 2 and 3 are rated as the high-amount players. Then, since theratio of the high-amount players (two) among four players participatingthe games is 50%, and reaches 50% as a reference, the minimum betmanagement part 616 decides the minimum bet amount higher than thealready-set minimum bet amount of 1,000 dollars, as the recommendedvalue.

On the contrary, in the example illustrated in FIG. 24B, the minimumamount of the bet amounts of the player 1 in five previous games is1,000 dollars, the minimum amount of the bet amounts of the player 2 infive previous games is 1,500 dollars, the minimum amount of the betamounts of the player 3 in five previous games is 1,000 dollars, and theminimum amount of the bet amounts of the player 4 in five previous gamesis 1,100 dollars. In this case, the minimum bet amount of the player 2in the five previous games is equal to or larger than 1,500 dollars thatis 150% of the current minimum bet amount 1,000 dollars and thus, theplayer 2 is rated as the high-amount player. Since the ratio of thehigh-amount player (one) among four players is 25% and does not reach50% that is the reference, the minimum bet management part 616 decidesthe current minimum bet amount of 1,000 dollars as the recommendedvalue, without changing the already-set minimum bet amount of 1,000dollars.

When increasing the minimum bet amount, the minimum bet management part616 rises the minimum bet amount by one rank, and make theabove-mentioned calculation. In the case illustrated in FIG. 24A, whenthe current minimum bet amount is set to 5,000 dollars as one higherrank, if the condition for deciding the higher minimum bet amount as therecommended value is not satisfied and therefore, 5,000 dollars isdecided as the recommended value of the minimum bet amount. When theminimum bet amount is increased by one rank and the above-mentionedcalculation is made, if the above-mentioned condition is satisfied, theminimum bet amount is further increased by one rank, and repeats ituntil the above-mentioned condition is not satisfied.

In the above-mentioned example, the minimum bet management part 616estimates the minimum amount of the bet amount in the five previousgames for each player position (player). Alternatively, players havingan average value (average bet amount) of the bet amounts in thepredetermined number of previous games (for example, five games) that isa predetermined ratio (for example, 300%) of the minimum bet amount maybe rated as the high-amount players, for each game table 4 and playerposition.

In the above-mentioned example, if the high-amount players occupy thepredetermined ratio or more, the minimum bet amount is increased by onerank among predetermined candidates. Alternatively, the minimum betamount may be increased to the predetermined ratio (for example, 150%)of the minimum bet amount. That is, in the example illustrated in FIG.24A, 1,500 dollars that is 150% of the minimum bet amount 1,000 dollarsmay be set as the minimum bet amount. In the example illustrated in FIG.24A, if the current minimum bet amount is 500 dollars, the minimum betamount may be increased to 1,000 dollars that is the minimum bet amountof the players.

Next, decision of the recommended value of the minimum bet amount basedon the table congestion degree will be described. Based on informationabout the number of players in the game record, the minimum betmanagement part 616 calculates the table congestion degree at each gametable 4. The table congestion degree refers to the ratio of the numberof the players participating in the game to a capacity of each gametable 4. The minimum bet management part 616 sets the minimum bet amountof each game table 4 according to the table congestion degree determinedby the minimum bet management part 616.

FIG. 25A and FIG. 25B are views illustrating examples of decision of therecommended value of the minimum bet amount based on the tablecongestion degree. As illustrated in FIG. 25A, four game tables 4 a to 4d are provided. The minimum bet amount of the two game tables 4 a, 4 bis set to 10,000 dollars, and the minimum bet amount of the tworemaining game tables 4 c, 4 d is set to 1,000 dollars.

As illustrated in FIG. 25A, in the two game tables 4 a, 4 b to which theminimum bet amount of 10,000 dollars is set, the number of playersparticipating in the game is large (the table congestion degree ishigh), and in the two game tables 4 c, 4 d at which the minimum betamount is set to 1,000 dollars, the number of players participating inthe game is small (the table congestion degree is low).

In such situation, the minimum bet management part 616 increases theminimum bet amount of the game table 4 d among the game tables 4 c, 4 dwith the minimum bet amount of 1,000 dollars, at which the number ofplayers participating in the game is the smallest (the table congestiondegree is the minimum) to 10,000 dollars. In this manner, it is expectedthat, as illustrated in FIG. 25B, some of the players at the game table4 d move to the game table 4 c with the minimum bet amount of 1,000dollars, and some of players at the game tables 4 a, 4 b with theminimum bet amount of 10,000 dollars move to the game table 4 d with theincreased minimum bet amount of 10,000 dollars.

As described with reference to FIG. 23A and FIG. 23B, it is apparentthat the sales in the house is larger in FIG. 25B than in FIG. 25A. Inthis manner, according to the table congestion degree determined by theminimum bet management part 616, the minimum bet management part 616sets the minimum bet amount for each area and each game table 4 suchthat the high-amount players can play at the game table 4 including asmaller number of players.

As described above, the minimum bet management part 616 decides therecommended value of the minimum bet amount at each game table 4 so asto decrease an average number of game participants at the game table 4with the high minimum bet amount. For this reason, the minimum betmanagement part 616 may decrease the recommended value of the minimumbet amount if the game tables 4 including a predetermined number of gameparticipants or less occupy a predetermined ratio or more.

As described above, in this example, the minimum bet management part 616manages the plurality of game table 4, ascertains the total bet amountfor each game table 4, for each player in each game and/or predeterminedtime or period, and sets different minimum bet amounts to different gametables 4.

Based on information about the number of players determined by the tablemanagement control device 50 as a device for determining the number ofplayers, the minimum bet management part 616 calculates the areacongestion degree in each of a plurality of areas of the casino playhall. The area congestion degree refers to a ratio of the total numberof players to the total number of player positions in a concerned area.The minimum bet management part 616 may define the ratio of the gametable 4 with the table congestion degree exceeding a predetermined value(for example, 80%) for each area, as the area congestion degree.

The minimum bet management part 616 ascertains all game tables 4 in thecasino play hall and the number of opened game tables 4, and decides therecommended number of the game tables 4 to be opened for each areaaccording to the area congestion degree determined by the minimum betmanagement part 616. Specifically, if the area congestion degree becomesa predetermined value (in this embodiment, 80%) or more, the minimum betmanagement part 616 decides to newly open the game table 4 in theconcerned area.

When the new game table 4 is opened, the minimum bet management part 616sets the minimum bet amount at the game table 4. The minimum betmanagement part 616 may simply set the same minimum bet amount as theminimum bet amount of the game table 4 surrounding the game table 4 tobe newly opened, to the game table 4 to be newly opened. This can guideguests to the area, and cause the guests to efficiently play.

Further, when the game table 4 is newly opened, the minimum betmanagement part 616 may set the minimum bet amount so as to maximize thesales in the house. FIG. 26A to FIG. 26C are views for describing theexample of opening of a new game table 4 in a certain area. Also, inthis case, the average required time/game of one player is 60 seconds.It is assumed that as the number of players increases by 1, the averagerequired time/game increases by 10 seconds. It is given that the averagebet amount of the high-amount players (players hatched in the figures)is 5,000 dollars, and the average bet amount of the low-amount players(players drawn in white) is 1,000 dollars.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 26A, the game tables 4 a, 4 c areopened, seven players participate in the game having a capacity of eightpersons, and among them, four persons are the high-amount players andthree persons are the low-amount players. FIG. 26B illustrates the casewhere the new game table 4 b is opened and the minimum bet amount is setto 5,000 dollars in the situation illustrated in FIG. 26A. By settingthe minimum bet amount of the newly opened game table 4 b to 5,000dollars, as illustrated in FIG. 26B, all of the high-amount players atthe game tables 4 a, 4 c may move to the game table 4 b.

In the case illustrated in FIG. 26B, the average sales of 1,380,000dollars/hour in FIG. 26A decreases to 1,377,000 dollars/hour. Asdescribed above, when the game table 4 is newly opened, according to thesetting of the minimum bet amount, the sales may not increase so much,or in some cases, may decrease. Further, in consideration of the costcaused by opening of the new game table 4, the profit of the casinoowner decreases.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 26A, as illustrated in FIG. 26C, itis effective to set a small minimum bet amount of the game table 4 b tobe newly opened, and increase the minimum bet amount of thealready-opened game tables 4 a, 4 c. In this manner, the average salesof 1,380,000 dollars/hour in FIG. 26A increases to 1,760,000dollars/hour.

As described above, the minimum bet management part 616 decides theminimum bet amount of the newly opened game table 4, based on minimumbet amount and the actual bet amount at the game tables 4 surroundingthe concerned game table 4. As illustrated in FIG. 26C, the minimum betmanagement part 616 changes the minimum bet amount of the surroundinggame tables 4 at the timing of opening a new game table 4, therebypromoting the players to move from the surrounding game tables 4 to thenewly opened game table 4.

The minimum bet management part 616 manages dealers at work, and decideswhether or not a new game table 4 is opened according to the number ofdealers. Specifically, even if the area congestion degree becomes high,when there is no waiting (dispatchable) dealer (that is, all dealers areat the respective game tables 4), and when there is no game table 4 tobe newly opened (that is, when all game tables 4 are opened), theminimum bet management part 616 decides so as not to open the new gametable 4, and changes the minimum bet amount of the game table 4 alreadyopened by the minimum bet management part 616.

The minimum bet management part 616 records the transition of the areacongestion degree for each area in the recording part 62, and decidesthe recommended number of game tables 4 to be opened for each area,based on the recorded information about the transition. That is, if thearea congestion degree tends to rise, the minimum bet management part616 decides to open the new game table 4 before the area congestiondegree in the concerned area becomes a predetermined value.

As described above, in this example, the minimum bet management part 616manages the plurality of game tables 4, ascertains the total bet amountfor each game table 4, for each game and/or predetermined time orperiod, and set the minimum bet amount of the game table to be newlyopened.

The minimum bet management part 616 associates information about the betamount and payment/collection in the game record with the member ID, andrecords them in the recording part 62. In this manner, the minimum betmanagement part 616 records previous play contents for each player inthe recording part 62.

Based on the game record, the minimum bet management part 616 finds theaverage bet amount, an average consecutive play time at the same table,a seat leaving ratio at increase in the minimum bet amount, and a recentwinning percentage and a leading amount for each player from theprevious play contents, and associates the information as tendencyinformation of each player with the member ID and then, records them inthe recording part 62.

The minimum bet management part 616 may decide the recommended number ofgame tables to be newly opened for each area, based on the tendencyinformation about a plurality of players in a concerned area recorded inthe recording part 62. The minimum bet management part 616 may set theminimum bet amount of the newly opened game table 4 for each area, basedon the tendency information about the plurality of players in theconcerned area recorded in the recording part 62, or may set the minimumbet amount of the newly opened game table 4.

As described above, when the game table 4 b with a relatively largeminimum bet amount is newly opened as illustrated in FIG. 26B from thestate illustrated in FIG. 26A, it is expected that all high-amountplayers move to the concerned game table 4 b. Actually, the players maynot move as illustrated in FIG. 26B. In FIG. 26C, when the minimum betamount is increased at the game tables 4 a, 4 c, it is expected that alllow-amount players leave. However, in response to the increased minimumbet amount, the low-amount players may remain at the same game tables 4a, 4 c. Thus, the minimum bet management part 616 performs probabilitysimulation using the tendencies of the players recorded in the recordingpart 62, and sets the minimum bet amount so as to maximize the sales.

The dealer stores the chips 9 collected from the losing players in thedealer chip tray 17, and pays the chips 9 from the dealer chip tray 17to the winning players. Accordingly, the chips 9 in the dealer chip tray17 increase or decrease.

In the case where many chips 9 are collected and cannot be stored in thegame table 4, the dealer calls nearby pit staff (pit manager) to collectthe chips 9. Also, in the case where many chips 9 are paid, and thechips to be paid lack at settlement, the dealer calls nearby pit staffto fill the chips 9.

If the dealer chip amount after settlement in the game recordtransmitted from the table management control device 50 exceeds apredetermined upper threshold and falls below a predetermined lowerthreshold, the dealer chip management part 617 notifies it to a nearbypit of the concerned game table 4. The notification includes at leastthe table number of the concerned game table 4 and information aboutcollection or filling.

Thereby, the pit manager can collect or fill chips from or into theconcerned game table 4 according to the notification from the overallmanagement device 60. The dealer can concentrate on dealing of the gamewithout paying attention to the timing of calling the pit manager.

As described above, the table game management system in this embodiment,various sensors are installed at each game table 4 to automatically findunfair practices or mistakes, and decrease unfair practices andmistakes, thereby increasing the gross profit of the house. Bystatistically processing sensing data acquired to find unfair practicesand mistakes, various analysis for increasing the gross profit of thehouse is made, and analysis results are presented to the game organizer.As a result, the game organizer can decrease negative factors such as aloss caused by the unfair practices and mistakes to increase the grossprofit, and also enhance positive factors to increase the gross profit.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the management system 100 includesthe plurality of table management control device 50 installed at eachgame table 4, and the overall management device 60 connected to theplurality of table management control device 50. Alternatively, some orall functions of the table management control device 50 may be providedin the overall management device 60, or some or all functions of theoverall management device 60 may be provided in the table managementcontrol device 50 of each game table 4. That is, the configuration andfunctions of the above-mentioned table management control device 50 andthe overall management device 60 may be realized by a device provided ineach game table 4, or a device provided in any place (for example,backyard) other than the game table 4.

The table management control device 50 or the management control device60 may have a monitor. In this case, the table management control device50 or the management control device 60 may generate various screens anddisplay them on the monitor. Hereinafter, the table management controldevice 50 or the management control device 60 that generates a screen isreferred to as a screen generation device. The screen generation devicegenerates a screen indicating the status of the ascertained chips 9 inthe dealer chip tray 17 and displays the screen on the monitor.

Specifically, the screen generation device generates a screen showing agraph and/or a table that represents, in time series, the number ofchips 9 of each type (value) contained in the dealer chip tray 17 and/orthe total amount thereof for each predetermined time or for eachpredetermined number of games.

In addition, the screen generation device generates a screen showing agraph and/or a table that represents, in time series, the “bet period”,“gaming period”, “chip collection period”, “chip payment period” and/ortotal time thereof for each predetermined time or for each predeterminednumber of games.

In addition, the screen generation device generates a screen showing agraph or a table that represents, in time series, the bet amount foreach bet area and the profit ratio in each bet area at predeterminedtime intervals or for each predetermined number of games.

In addition, the screen generation device generates a screen showing agraph or a table that represents, in time series, the total or averagebet amount for each player position and the profit ratio in each playerposition at predetermined time intervals or for each predeterminednumber of games.

In addition, the screen generation device records the results andbettings of a predetermined number of games and calculates theprobability that these results and betting will occur, if thepossibility is lower than a predetermined threshold, or if thepossibility is lower than the predetermined threshold and the payoutamount is higher than the predetermined threshold, the screen generationdevice generates a warning screen.

The above plurality of types of screens may be displayed using aplurality of monitors, or the above plurality of types of screens may beswitched and displayed on one monitor. Also, each screen described abovemay be generated for each table, may be generated for the sum of aplurality of tables, or for the sum of all the tables in the casino.

What is claimed is:
 1. A table game management system for use withgaming chips (a) that each includes a plurality of plastic coloredportions that are of varying colors and (b) a respective type of each ofwhich is identifiable from its respective appearance, the systemcomprising: a camera; and at least one processor, wherein the at leastone processor is configured to: determine a respective win-loss result(WL) of each of a plurality of games at a game table; use the camera todetect respective positions, types, and numbers of those of the gamingchips that are respectively placed, by respective ones of at least onegame participant, on a bet area of the game table; store the detectedrespective positions, types, and numbers; based on the detectedrespective positions, types, and numbers, determine a total bet amount(B) formed by the gaming chips placed on the bet area of the game table;based on the determined win-loss result and the detected respectivepositions, types, and numbers, determine a winning or losing amount of agame organizer; determine a sales profit ratio (X) of the winning orlosing amount of the game organizer to the total bet amount (B); comparethe sales profit ratio (X) to a theoretical profit ratio or a previousaverage profit ratio; and output a result of the comparison.
 2. Thetable game management system according to claim 1, wherein the at leastone processor is configured to use deep learning to perform thedetection of the respective positions, types, and numbers.
 3. The tablegame management system according to claim 1, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to determine one or more of the total bet amount(B), the winning or losing amount, and the sales profit ratiorespectively for each of the plurality of games.
 4. The table gamemanagement system according to claim 1, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to: determine the total bet amount (B)respectively for respective ones of a plurality of player positions ofthe game table; and output one or both of the total bet amount (B) andthe sales profit ratio (X) respectively for each of the plurality ofplayer positions.
 5. The table game management system according to claim4, wherein the at least one processor is configured to associate each ofthe player positions with a respective one of the at least one gameparticipant.
 6. The table game management system according to claim 4,wherein the at least one processor is configured to: perform thedetection of the positions, types, and numbers of gaming chipsrespectively for each of a plurality of stacks of the gaming chipsplaced on the game table; and associate each of the stacks with arespective one of the at least one game participant.
 7. The table gamemanagement system according to claim 1, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to ascertain a relation between the number ofgames and time taken to play the games, and output the total bet amount(B), the winning or losing amount for the game organizer, or the salesprofit ratio (X) for a predetermined number of games, respectively forany one or more of: each respective one of the at least one gameparticipant, each of a plurality of game tables, and each of a pluralityof dealers that are respectively in charge of respective ones of theplurality of game tables.
 8. The table game management system accordingto claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured toascertain, and output in association with a number of games and a timetaken to play the games: (a) respective bet positions of the gamingchips placed on the game table by the at least one game participant; (b)respective numbers of stacks of the gaming chips placed on the gametable by the at least one game participant, and/or (c) a number of thegaming chips in each of the stacks.
 9. The table game management systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configuredto ascertain, and output in association with a number of games and atime taken to play the games, a number of the at least of gameparticipant that is at the game table.
 10. The table game managementsystem according to claim 1, wherein the game table is one of aplurality of game tables, and the at least one processor is configuredto: for each of the plurality of game tables, ascertain a respectivedealer in charge of the respective game table; and respectively for eachof the dealers, detect and store at least one of following periods: 1) abet period; 2) a chip collection period; 3) a chip payment period; and4) a gaming period.
 11. The table game management system according toclaim 10, wherein the at least one processor is configured to,respectively for each of the games, detect a respective start time and arespective end time of distribution of playing cards in the respectivegame, and ascertain as a respective gaming period a respective periodfrom the respective start time to the respective end time.
 12. The tablegame management system according to claim 1, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to determine and output, respectively for thegame table, a respective suggested minimum bet amount in order toincrease the total bet amount (B) within a predetermined time or period.13. The table game management system according to claim 12, wherein theat least one game participant includes a plurality of game participantsand the at least one processor is configured to suggest the minimum betamount to be increased in response to there being at least a firstpredefined ratio of (a) those of the plurality of game participants whobet respective bet amounts that are each higher, by at least a secondpredefined ratio, than the minimum bet amount as previously set to (b)all others of the plurality of game participants.
 14. The table gamemanagement system according to claim 1, wherein: the game table is oneof a plurality of game tables; and the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to manage the plurality of game tables and to determine andoutput different respective minimum bet amounts for different ones ofthe plurality of game tables in order to increase the total bet amount(B) within a predetermined time or period respectively for each of thegame tables or for respective subsets of the game tables.
 15. The tablegame management system according to claim 14, wherein, respectively forrespective ones of the plurality of game tables, the at least oneprocessor is configured to determine the respective minimum bet amountfor the respective game table so as to decrease an average number ofgame participants at the respective game table that are associated withbet amounts that are higher, by a predetermined amount or ratio, thanthe respective minimum bet amount of the respective game table.
 16. Thetable game management system according to claim 14, wherein the at leastone processor is configured to determine to decrease the minimum betamount for one or more of the game tables in response to there being atleast a predefined ratio of (a) those of the tables that each has nomore than a predetermined number of game participants to (b) all othersof the tables.
 17. The table game management system according to claim1, wherein: the game table is one of a plurality of game tables; and theat least one processor is configured to: manage the plurality of gametables; ascertain the bet amount respectively for each of the gametables, and, with respect to each of the game tables, respectively for(a) each of a plurality of player positions of the respective game tableor (b) each of the at least one game participant at the respective gametable; and for each of the plurality of game tables respectively,determine, based on the ascertained bet amounts, and output a respectivesuggested minimum bet amount.
 18. The table game management systemaccording to claim 1, wherein: the game table is one of a plurality ofgame tables; and the at least one processor is further configured to:manage the plurality of game tables; respectively for each of the gametables, ascertain the total bet amount (B) respectively for each of theplurality of games at the respective game table and/or for each of aplurality of predetermined times or time periods; and based on theascertained total bet amounts, determine and output a suggested minimumbet amount of a game table to be newly opened.
 19. The table gamemanagement system according to claim 1, wherein: the game table is oneof a plurality of game tables; and the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: ascertain the total bet amount respectively for each ofthe at least one game participant and respectively for each of aplurality of predetermined times or time periods; and assign to the gameparticipant, and output, a point or status under a predeterminedcondition of the ascertained total bet amount.
 20. The table gamemanagement system according to claim 19, wherein, for each of the atleast one game participant and each of the plurality of predeterminedtimes or time periods, the at least one processor is configured to:ascertain purchase information about a purchase by the game participantof the gaming chips at the predetermined time or in the predeterminedperiod; and output the purchase information in association with (a) thebet amount determined for the respective game participant in associationwith the respective time or time period or (b) a winning or losingamount of the respective game participant.
 21. The table game managementsystem according to claim 20, wherein the overall management device isconfigured to ascertain the purchase information respectively for eachof the types of the gaming chips.
 22. The table game management systemaccording to claim 19, wherein the point or status is assigned based onthe total bet amount ascertained for the respective game participantwithin the predetermined time period, the predetermined time periodbeing a period of contiguous or non-contiguous days, a period ofcontiguous or non-contiguous months, or a constantly accumulating timeperiod.
 23. The table game management system according to claim 19,wherein, responsive to an assignment of a large number of points to therespective game participant at a particular point in time or within apredefined time period, the at least one processor is configured toboost the point or status of the respective game participant.
 24. Thetable game management system according to claim 19, wherein an access toa VIP room is provided under a predetermined condition of the point orstatus.
 25. The table game management system according to claim 19,wherein the point or status are convertible in the game managementsystem into gaming chips under a predetermined condition.
 26. The tablegame management system according to claim 19, wherein the point orstatus are convertible by the game management system into a payment of ahotel charge or other facility charge under a predetermined condition.27. The table game management system according to claim 1, wherein: thegame table is one of a plurality of game tables; and the at least oneprocessor is configured to: manage the plurality of game tables; andrespectively for each of the at least one game participant: ascertain arespective net profit at a predetermined time or in a predetermined timeperiod; and under a predetermined condition, assign to the respectivegame participant and output a respective point or status.
 28. The tablegame management system according to claim 1, wherein: the game tableincludes a plurality of game tables; and the at least one processor isconfigured to: manage a plurality of game tables; for each of the atleast one game participant, ascertain number of the plurality of gamesin which the respective game participant participated at a predefinedtime or within a predefined time period; and under a predeterminedcondition, assign to the respective game participant and output arespective point or status.
 29. The table game management systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the game table includes a plurality ofgame tables, and the at least one processor is configured to storeinformation that includes at least one of the following respectively forrespective ones of the at least one game participant and in units ofweeks, months, or other predefined time period: 1) a number of visits toa particular play hall; 2) a number of times the respective gameparticipant placed a bet; 3) a winning amount of the respective gameparticipant; and 4) a losing amount of the respective game participant.30. The table game management system according to claim 29, wherein theat least one processor is configured to output the information when thegame participant enters the play hall.
 31. The table game managementsystem according to claim 1, wherein: the game table includes aplurality of game tables; and the at least one processor is configuredto: manage the plurality of game tables; and for each of the at leastone game participant: determine a respective bet amount for therespective game participant; and determine a credit of the respectivegame participant based on a total accumulation of the bet amountdetermined for the respective game participant overall or within apredetermined period.
 32. The table game management system according toclaim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: store: (1)the total bet amount (B) respectively for each of the plurality ofgames; (2) the win-loss result (WL) respectively for each of theplurality of games; and (3) a gross profit ratio (R %) respectively foreach of the plurality of games an according to respective rules of therespective game; and use information about the items (1) to (3) in eachof the plurality of games or for a predetermined time or time period tocalculate a gross profit (Y) as Σ(B×WL×R %).
 33. The table gamemanagement system according to claim 32, wherein the at least one deviceis configured to output: bet positions and/or a number of stacks of thegaming chips placed on the game table by the at least one gameparticipant; or a number of the gaming chips in each of the stacks. 34.The table game management system according to claim 32, wherein thegross profit ratio (R %) on the basis of which the gross profit (Y) iscalculated includes a plurality of gross profit ratios (R1%, R2%, . . .) that vary according to layout or bet area of the game table.
 35. Thetable game management system according to claim 34, wherein the at leastone processor is configured to output a distribution state of the totalbet amount for each layout or bet area corresponding to a respective oneof the gross profit ratios (R1%, R2%, . . . ).
 36. The table gamemanagement system according to claim 34, wherein: the game tableincludes a plurality of game tables; and the at least one processor isconfigured to: manage the plurality of game tables; and compare thegross profit (Y) or a total of the gross profit ratios (R %) fordifferent ones of the game tables.
 37. The table game management systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configuredto: determine a total amount of the gaming chips that are in a chip trayof the game table based on a reading of unique IDs of the gaming chipsand/or output of the camera or another camera; determine the winning orlosing amount of the game organizer respectively for each of theplurality of games; detect whether there is an inconsistency bydetecting whether a change amount by which the total amount of thegaming chips in the chip tray has changed for a respective one of thegames coincides with the winning or losing amount for the game organizerdetermined for the respective game; and output a detection result of theinconsistency detection.
 38. The table game management system accordingto claim 37, wherein the at least one processor is configured to count anumber of times of that a result of the inconsistency detection is thatthe coincidence is present and output the count.
 39. The table gamemanagement system according to claim 37, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to determine a discrepancy amount when a resultof the inconsistency detection is that the coincidence is not presentand output the discrepancy amount.
 40. The table game management systemaccording to claim 39, wherein the at least one processor is configuredto ascertain an accumulated amount of the discrepancy amount.
 41. Thetable game management system according to claim 39, wherein: the atleast one processor is configured to calculate a gross profit (Y) asY=Σ(B×WL×R %±L); R % is a gross profit ratio; L is the discrepancyamount; and the at least one processor is configured to output the grossprofit (Y).
 42. The table game management system according to claim 41,wherein the game table is one of a plurality of game tables, and the atleast one processor is configured to compare the change amount with thewinning or losing amount for the game organizer and determine and outputthe discrepancy amount (L) respectively for each of the at least onegame participant or respectively for each of a plurality of dealers thatare each in charge of a respective one of the game tables.
 43. The tablegame management system according to claim 1, wherein the at least oneprocessor is further configured to, respectively for each of the atleast one game participant, respectively for each of a plurality ofdealers, and respectively for each of a plurality of game tables,compare results of actual winning percentage and total amount of thegross profit with numbers calculated by probability and statistics ornumbers based on previous accumulated data at completion of apredetermined number of games, determine whether there is a significantdifference between the compared results and numbers, and identify atleast one of a game participant, a dealer, and a game table that causesthe significant difference.
 44. The table game management systemaccording to claim 43, wherein: the game table is one of a plurality ofgame tables; gross profit ratios vary according to various layouts orbet areas of the game tables; the at least one processor is configuredto store bet chip amounts at bet positions of each of the game tables;and based on the stored bet chip amounts, identify whether a cause forthe significant difference in a series of games is dependent on thegross profit ratios.
 45. A game management system for managing casinogames played in a play hall, the game management system comprising: atleast one sensor; and at least one processor, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to: manage a plurality of game tables; determinea respective win-loss result of each of a plurality of games at each ofthe game tables; based on output of the at least one sensor, for each ofthe games at each of the game tables, for each of a plurality of playerpositions of the respective game table, detect and store respectivepositions, types, and numbers of gaming chips that are respectivelyplaced for the respective player position on a bet area of the gametable; associate each of the player positions for which respective onesof the gaming chips have been detected with a respective gameparticipant; and for each of the game participants: based on thedetermined win-loss results and detected respective positions, types,and numbers of gaming chips, determine a respective winning or losingamount; ascertain respective purchase information and sellinginformation about the gaming chips at a predetermined time or in apredetermined period; and perform addition or subtraction of (a) therespective purchase information and the selling information and (b) therespective winning or losing amount to ascertain a balance of the gamingchips owned by the respective game participant at a predeterminedtiming.
 46. The game management system according to claim 45, whereinthe respective purchase information and selling information determinedfor the respective game participant is respective purchase informationand selling information occurring in the predetermined period, thepredetermined period being from when the respective game participantenters the play hall to when the respective participant leaves the playhall.
 47. The game management system according to claim 45, wherein: theat least one sensor includes a participant recognition sensor configuredto recognize entrance of the game participants into the play hall andexit of the game participants from the play hall; the at least oneprocessor is configured to use information from the participantrecognition sensor to ascertain that one of the game participantsattempting to leave from the play hall when a balance of the gamingchips owned by the respective game participant is at least apredetermined amount; and issue an alert in response to theascertainment of the attempt.
 48. The game management system accordingto claim 45, wherein the at least one sensor includes one or both of acamera and a card reader, and the at least one processor is configuredto identify the game participants by one or both of performing facialrecognition on an image from the camera and reading a member card orcredit card of the game participant using output of the card reader. 49.A table game management system for use with gaming chips that eachincludes a unique ID, the system comprising: a reader configured to readthe unique IDs of the chips; and at least one processor, wherein the atleast one processor is configured to: determine a respective win-lossresult (WL) of each of a plurality of games at a game table; use theunique IDs read by the reader to detect respective positions, types, andnumbers of those of the gaming chips that are respectively placed, byrespective ones of at least one game participant, on a bet area of thegame table; store the detected respective positions, types, and numbers;based on the detected respective positions, types, and numbers,determine a total bet amount (B) formed by the gaming chips placed onthe bet area of the game table; based on the determined win-loss resultand the detected respective positions, types, and numbers, determine awinning or losing amount of a game organizer; determine a sales profitratio (X) of the winning or losing amount of the game organizer to thetotal bet amount (B); compare the sales profit ratio (X) to atheoretical profit ratio or a previous average profit ratio; and outputa result of the comparison.